Reformation and Counter-Reformation:

The long sixteenth-century

The Reformation:

A movement of Western European Christianity that aimed at reforming doctrine and church practice in the wake of corruption and profound social change.

Antecedents

• The Black Death (1348)
• Economic change
• Advent of the printing press
• Personal piety/ popular religion

Bretheren of the Common Life:

Gerard Groote

• Gerard Groote (1340-84)
• Devotio Moderna

Thomas A Kempis (1380?-1471):

• De imitatione Christi (1426): On the imitation of Christ

Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466/69-1536)

• Ad Fontes (Back to the sources)

The Protestant Reformation

• Lutheranism
• Wittenberg and the 95 Theses:

Martin Luther

• Against indulgences

• Diet of Worms?

  Diet of Worms (1521)
• Augsburg confession:
• Justification by faith; grace through faith, not works
• Consubstantiation
• Sola fide, sola scriptura, sola gratia (by faith alone, by scripture alone, by grace alone)

John Calvin (1509-1564)

John Calvin

• Calvinism
• Predestination:
• Total depravity
• Unconditional election
• Limited atonement
• Irresistible grace
• Perseverance of the saints

Counter Reformation

• Catholic response to Reformation
• Council of Trent (1545-1563)
• Centralization of the Church and entrenchment of universal values vs. local religion
• Transubstantiation
• ustification through works and faith
• Cult of the saints
• Reaction to sola fide, sola scriptura, sola gratia