Talmudic Judaism: Historical Outline

Year (C.E.)	Historical Events	Name of Rabbinic Period	Works of Rabbinic Literature
c. 50	Limited autonomy under Roman rule	Tanna'itic	Mishnah (halakhic) Halakhic Midrash
70	Destruction of Second Temple	(Yavneh [=Jamnia]: Restoration of Jewish Religious Life.)
135	Bar Kokhba Revolt	(Usha: Transfer of religious centre from Judea to Galilee


c. 220		Start of Amoraic era	Palestinian ("Jerusalem") Talmud, Aggadic Midrash
c. 400 ^{^[1]}		End of Amoraic era in the Land of Israel	Palestinian ("Jerusalem") Talmud, Aggadic Midrash
c. 500^{^[2]}		End of Amoraic era in Babylonia	Babylonian Talmud

^{^[1]} The Transition from Second Temple to Rabbinic Judaism

Second Temple Judaism had been distinguished by its factionalism: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots etc.
Of these only the Pharisees survived, most of its distinctive beliefs and institutions (e.g., physical resurrection, the Oral Torah) were now part of a religious consensus.
The Temple worship and associated aspects of religious life (purity laws, some tithing regulations, etc.) were no longer in effect. The focus of worship moved to other areas, such as the synagogue, home and religious scholarship.

The date 500 C.E. for the conclusion of the Amoraic era is the traditional date of the completion of the Babylonian Talmud. This date is in itself problematic, since the redactional process appears to have continued for several centuries afterwards.
Furthermore, the "Amoraic" activity in the Land of Israel and other centres also continued for several centuries afterwards, especially in the area of Aggadic midrash.