Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Trangender, MSM Attempted Suicide Incidences / Risks

Suicidality Studies Index: All Studies (This Page): The Index. - All Random & Special Sample Studies. - All American & Canadian Studies. - All European Studies.

This page contain the results of about 150 studies (+/- 115 published in peer reviewed journals) that have reported "attempted suicide" incidences for varying sample of sexual minority individuals most often described or self-described (may be self-identified) as Gay (G), Lesbian (L), Bisexual (B), Transgender (TG), Homosexual, Predominantly Homosexual, Homosexual/Bisexual, Same-Sex Attracted, Same-Sex Romantically Attracted, MSM (Men Who Have Sex With Men), WSW (Women Who Have Sex With Women), and Same-Sex Sexually Active (Same-Sex Sex). Some "Self-Harm" or "Self-Injury" study results are also reported.

Risk Ratios (RRs) or Odds Ratios (ORs) were produced - if they were not given by study authors - when Heterosexual or Predominantly Heterosexual individuals were also a part of a study and sufficient data was available to do calculations. As a rule, homosexually oriented people have been at higher risk for attempting suicide, compared to their heterosexual counterparts, and more so for males. Transgender people - and other gender nonconforming people in other categories - may be at the highest risk for having attempted suicide.

Study Samples have been non-random (convenience samples, or others that are quite large and representative) or random.

To.... The Alerts!

Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB (2003). Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981-1997. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(4):765-72. (Abstract) (Full Text) - "...registered [same-sex] partners included as a separate category in the analysis had an odds ratio of 4.31 (95% CI= 2.23–8.36) in the crude analysis and 3.63 (95% CI=1.71– 7.67) in analyses with adjustment for other factors in the full model [for having committed suicide compared to opposite-sex married couples]". Note: This is a First-Time Research Result! See: Frisch M, Bronnum-Hansen H (2009). Mortality among men and women in same-sex marriage: a national cohort study of 8333 Danes. American Journal of Public Health, 99(1): 133-7. Abstract. After 1995, higher risk of death in same-sex marriages occur in first 3 year of the marriage. Note: The paper does not mention the Qin et al (2003) suicide results (above), and suicide is only mentioned as possibly being implicated in the higher risk of death for same-sex couples.

Mathy RM, Cochran SD, Olsen J, Mays VM (2009). The association between relationship markers of sexual orientation and suicide: Denmark, 1990-2001. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. [Epub ahead of print]. From Abstract: "Using data from death certificates issued between 1990 and 2001 and population estimates from the Danish census, we estimated suicide mortality risk among individuals classified into one of three marital/cohabitation statuses: current/formerly in same-sex RDPs; current/formerly heterosexually married; or never married/registered. RESULTS: Risk for suicide mortality was associated with this proxy indicator of sexual orientation, but only significantly among men. The estimated age-adjusted suicide mortality risk for RDP men was nearly eight times greater than for men with positive histories of heterosexual marriage and nearly twice as high for men who had never married."

Review Papers & Meta-Analyses: GLB Suicidality & Mental Health

Index: Tables of Suicidality Study Results

"Attempted Suicide" Incidences For Homosexually Oriented People
& Some Comparisons With Heterosexually Oriented People

Categories	Random	Non-Random	Non-Random
American	Adolescents in Schools: 1, 2, 3 ^{A - A4}	Youth / Adults 1970-1983 ^B 1987-1991 ^B-1	Youth / Adults 1993-1999 2000-2009 ^{C - C4}
American	Youth/Adult - University Students ^D-D5	Adults 1994-2009 ^{E - E3}	Dissertation Studies ^{F - F2}
North American	Adults ^G	---	---
Canada	Adolescents in School: 1, 2	Youth	AIDS/HIV Male Cohorts
UK/Ireland	---	Youth/Adults (England/Scotland) ^H Youth/Adult (Ireland)	---
Europe	Youth/Adults ^{I - I2}	Youth/Adults ^{J -J3}	France ^K Austria ^L
Australia New Zealand	NZ Birth Cohort ^M	Youth/Adults ^N-N2	---
Japan, Mexico & South Africa	--	Youth/Adults	--
World Special Samples	---	USA Twin Study NZ Birth Cohort / USA Longitudinal: School ^{O - O3}	---
Colorado, USA	Three Studies	Three Studies	---
Selected "At Risk" Populations	Psychiatric Patients	Street Youth: USA / Canada / UK: 1991-2006	Transgender ^{P -P5}
Associated Supplementary Data Table(s): A. Pinhey & Millman (2004: Guam YRBS), A-2. Olshen et al. 2007: 2005: NYC YRBS, A-3. Farley et al (2008): 2007: NYC YRBS, A-4. Borowski et al. (1999): Adolescent Health Survey, American Indian / Alaska Native. - B. Bell & Weinberg (1978: San Francisco), B-2. Remafedi et al. (1991: US Midwest. Pacific Northwest). - C. Savin- Williams (2001, 3 Tables, USA Community / University samples), C-2. Clatts et al. (2005: New York, MSM, Venue Sample): Race, Attempted Suicide, Sexual Orientation), C-3. D'Augelli et al. (2005: New York), C-4. Kipke et al. (2007, LA Venue Sample, GB Males) - D. Whitlock & Knox (2007, Cornell & Princeton Universities), D-2. University of Michigan's 2005/2007 "Healthy Minds Study", D-3. The USA Spring 2000 National College Health Assessment Survey: ACHA-NCHA, D-4. Smith (2006, NYU 2003 ACHA-NCHA results), D-5. Murphy (2007, University of Washington, Non-Random). - E. Balsam et al. (2005: USA, GLB, Heterosexual Siblings), E-2. Ryan et al. (2009, Venue Sampling, GLB, SF), E-3. Meyer et al. (2008, Venue Sampling, NYC). - F. Friedman (2002: USA), F-2. Murphy (2007, University of Washington, Non-Random). - G. Paul et al. (2002: USA) - H. Hunt & Fish (2008 & 2008a). - I. Wichstrom & Hegna (2003: Noway), Sweden, National Public Health Survey (2005). - J. Hegna et al. (1999) & Hegna and Wichstrom (2007a), Non-Random, GLB. J-2. Hanner (2002, Non-Random, Sweden), J-3. Quinn (2006, Non-Random, Central Europe). - K. L’Enquête presse gay (2004). - L. Ploderl & Fartacek (2005: Austria) - M. Fergusson et al. (2005, NZ Birth Cohort, as young adults). - N. New Zealand Youth 2000 National Secondary School Youth Health Survey, N-2. New Zealand 2007 National Secondary School Youth Health Survey. O. Herrell et al. (1999: USA), O-2. Fergusson et al. (2005, NZ Birth Cohort, as young adults), O-3. McNair et al. (2005, Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health: ALSWH). - P. Mathy (2002b: North America), P-2. Clements-Nolle et al. (2006: San Francisco), P-3. Whittle et al. (2007, UK, Internet Sample), P-4. Whittle et al. (2008, Europe, Internet Sample), P-5. FHI Rapport (2005, Sweden Internet Sample).

The Alerts

Alert! There was a time, not long ago, when those in the 'helping' professions, including 'mental help' professionals, would have been best described as 'professionals' who were only seeking to help heterosexual people, with a major focus being on harming, as much as possible, non-heterosexual people such as gay, lesbian, bisexual individuals. This was done, for example, when 'mental health' professionals had decreed that homosexual individuals were all mentally disordered and were to be treated (harmed) accordingly. However, even if this 'mental disorder decree for homosexual people' was removed from the American DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in 1973, the ICD (The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) in 1992, with China having done the same only in 2003 (Mental Disorder Redefined, Homosexuality Excluded), these outcomes did not mean that 'mental health' 'professionals' would suddenly / 'magically' become knowledgeable of homosexually oriented people and begin helping. As with racist groups, heterosexist and homophobic groups may take generations to end their abuses of the hated ones, with ongoing more insidious ways developed to continue harming the hated ones. For example, by 1994, ignoring sexual minority issues in American psychology and psychiatry research was the rule as illustrated in a paper titled “"I only read about myself on bathroom walls": the need for research on the mental health of lesbians and gay men” (Rothblum, 1994). By the late 1990s and the early 2000s, the same neglect had been reported in family therapy, psychology, community psychology and social work, as reported here (must scroll). The ongoing inherently harming ways of many / most(?) 'mental health' professionals - as related to sexual minority clients - was documented in New Zealand (Semp, 2006, 2007), and the same is likely happening throughout the western world.

Rothblum ED (1994). "I only read about myself on bathroom walls": the need for research on the mental health of lesbians and gay men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 213-20. (PubMed Abstract) Full Text.

Semp, David (2007). A Public Silence: Sexual Orientation and Mental Health Services. Presentation, Mental Health Awareness Week, 2007: Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand. Word Download.

Semp, David (2006). A public silence : discursive practices surrounding homosexuality. PhD Thesis. The University of Auckland. Download Page. PDF Download: Front Pages. PDF Download: Whole Document.

Alert! Statistics New Zealand. (2008). Considering Sexual Orientation as a Potential Official Statistic: Discussion paper. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand. PDF Download. Sexual monority children, youth and adults are often at high risk for experiencing or having experienced a number of problems, including very serious ones such as having been abused, bullied and assaulted in schools and in their communities - including in their families (Corliss et al., 2002) - and experiencing related suicidality (Ryan et al., 2009). However, the majority of school surveys that inquire about youth health and problems do not solicit sexual orientation information (or the often related gender nonconformity information), thus avoiding to produce study results that would highlight sexual minority individuals to be at risk. As a result, related issues continue to be ignored as sexual minority students continue to be abused, silenced, harmed and ignored (to death? 1, 2, 3: must scroll, p. 23). Furthermore, almost all suicidality studies carried out in North America or elsewhere continue to exclude sexual orientation measures with few realizing that such omissions should be perceived as highly harmful unprofessional and unethical highly harmful conduct. Unfortunately, the AAS (American Association of Suicidology) has not forcefully spoken to this issue and its official publication - Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior - has not implemented policies such as maybe refusing to publish suicidality studies that have not included "sexual orientation" measures, especially in youth and young adult studies. Tragically, the CDC also continues to make available an official version of The Youth Risk Behavior Survey that does not include "sexual orientation" measures, in spite of the fact that many adolescent school surveys in the past 14 years have revealed sexual orientation measures to be not only predictive of general suicidal behaviors (and related problems), but also to more strongly predict the most serious life-threatening suicidal behaviors... beginning in early adolescence. It is therefore not surprising that even the most academically successful sexual minority youth - university students - are likely to also be at greater risk for suicidality and related problems, compared to their heterosexual counterparts, with even greater risk maybe/likely existing for the lesser educated young adults who have been much neglected in suicidality research. To date, the highest suicidality risk has been reported for American sexual minority street youth who form about 20% of the street youth population. Their lifetime attempted suicide incidence is 62% (van Leeuwen et al., 2006). A special web page has been constructed for the studies related to the suicidality of street and homeless youth with a focus on the overrepresentation of both aboriginal and sexual minority individuals in these populations. Note: Nothing is known about suicidality issues for middle age to elder sexual sexual minority individuals because suicidality researchers have not included sexual minority measures in their studies.

Alert! Hatzenbuehler et al (2009) tested and retested (7 months later, same school year) Grade 6 to 8 mostly non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino students (68%) from 2 low SES middle schools in central Connecticut. On the following - Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), Children’s Response Styles Questionnaire (CRSQ, Rumination Subscale), and Emotion Expression Scale for Children (EESC, Poor Emotional Awareness Subscale) - the 29 same-sex romantically attracted children scored higher (p < 0.05 to p < .01) than heterosexual students (n = 1042 at Time-1, and 825 at Time-2). Therefore, factors that may increase the risk for suicidality are higher for sexual minority children at a young age, this likely being implicated in their reported higher risk for suicidality from Grade 7 to 12 in other mostly random American studies. Little has been done to end the generally highly heterosexist, homophobic and homohating(?) nature of public or private K-12 schools where the word "gay" - as in "So Gay!" - has 'evolved' to designate anyone who is lacking in all ways, including intelligence (1, 2, 3, 4, How 'gay' became children's insult of choice, BBC). "At risk" sexual minority children can expect little in term of help from teachers or school psychologists on the personal level and, especially, with respecting to changing the "traditional" nature of schools that have been highly harming and abusing of sexual minority children and youth.

Potter L, Silverman M, Connorton E, Posner M, Suicide Prevention Resource Center (2004). Promoting mental health and preventing suicide in college and university settings. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, Inc. Download: http://www.sprc.org/library/college_sp_whitepaper.pdf.

"Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Students: ... There is no concrete information about suicide rates among gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) college students and little to no information about efforts to promote their mental health or prevent suicide. There is even less information about the behavior and needs of transgender students, though we can assume they face somewhat similar risks...GLB students who transition from high school to higher education may bring some of the same suicidal behavior to their new environment. One study attempted to measure the suicidal risk among a small sample of GLB college students compared with a sample of their heterosexual peers (Westefeld, Maples, Buford, & Taylor, 2001). Researchers administered a paper and pencil assessment of suicidal risk called the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory (CSRLI). GLB students were more depressed, lonelier, and had fewer reasons for living than a control group of their peers, and depression and loneliness correlated positively with suicidal tendencies. In addition, GLB students in this study experienced prejudice and related issues (Westefeld et al., 2001). Many campuses are increasingly open to and supportive of inclusion of GLBT students, but homophobia remains a problem..."

Note: In 2004, this was the best that the authors had to offer about the suicidality situation for GLBT young adults in American universities. Without doubt, suicidology researchers had been almost completely indifferent or even neglectful of the welfare of GLBT students by not ever producing research that would reveal whether or not GLBT students were - or were not - more at risk for attempting suicide than their heterosexual counterparts... as it was the case for GLBT adolescents in schools. Yet, there were many data sets available - that solicited both sexual orientation and suicidality/depression information - from which this possibility could have been explored. For example, from 2000 to 2008, the American College Health Association produced 18 data sets (2 per year) known as the National College Health Assessment surveys (ACHA-NCHA), but only the 2000 Spring Survey was reported on in 2005 (Leino & Kisch, 2005; Kisch et al., 2005) with associated GLBT information. However, nothing was reported about GLBT students being at risk for attempting suicide, even if only a trend existed given the possible low counts, by maybe a "risk" factor of "6" as one NYU report notes for the 2003 Spring Survey. Nonetheless, not being heterosexual was the second largest independent predictor (OR = 2.6) for university students having seriously considered suicide in the past year (1999-2000). Interestingly, many NCHA data sets have the counts required to do a GLBT "Attempted Suicide in the Past Year" analysis but all ACHA-NCHA Survey data reports do not mention possible "at risk" GLBT status so that, for example, if they are "at risk," initiatives to help GLB students could be implemented. Massachusetts, for example, does report the GLB "at risk" status when reporting the results of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2007: 4.4 times the risk for having attempted suicide in the past year). The same was done in Rhode Island (2007: GLBU students, 4.4 times the risk for having attempted suicide in the past year) and in Washington DC (2007: GLB students, 3.8 times the risk for having attempted suicide in the past year). Others have made the results available for others to disseminate and make public as it was done in Chicago (2005, GLB students, 3-4 times the risk for having attempted suicide in the past year) and in Vermont (2007: GLB students, 7 times the risk for having attempted suicide in the past year, with the results for 2005 also given: GLBQ students, 5 times the risk for having attempted suicide in the past year). In 2007, from another survey carried out at two universities in 2005 (Survey of College Mental Health and Well Being), Whitlock & Knox (2007) reported GLB students to be 4 times more at risk for a lifetime suicide attempt. Gay/lesbian, bisexual and questioning students also had, separately and as a group, the highest associations between lifetime self-injury and suicidality. The small-scale university classroom survey of males by Savin-Williams (2001) reported that about 50% of males were non-heterosexual, that 83% of males (5/6) reporting a true suicide attempt were non-heterosexual, and that the 3 males for whom medical care was associated with the suicide attempt were also non-heterosexual. The Murphy (2007) dissertation study highlighted the possibility that, in American universities, a high risk group for current suicidality - usually ignored by researchers - identify as "heterosexual" but also report some same-sex attraction or sexual behavior. All who report GLBT results from the ACHA-NCHA-like surveys - that solicits only "identity" sexual orientation information - should caveat their results accordingly. In the Murphy (2007) study, 50% (5/10) of the females who had attempted suicide in the past year were non-heterosexual and the two male suicide attempters were non-heterosexual.

Malley E, Posner M, Potter L, Suicide Prevention Resource Center (2008). Suicide risk and prevention for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, Inc. Prepared by the Suicide Prevention Resource Center for the Center for Mental Health Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Download: http://www.sprc.org/library/SPRC_LGBT_Youth.pdf.

"The majority of literature reviews on LGB suicide attempts conclude that LGB youth have a significantly higher rate of attempting suicide than heterosexual youth. Furthermore, most suicide attempts among LGB people occur during adolescence and young adulthood (Kulkin, Chauvin, & Percle, 2000; Proctor & Groze, 1994; Remafedi et al., 1991). (The same holds true for people of all sexual orientations; national hospital data show self-harm rates are highest for youth age 15 through 19 years old (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007))."

Alert! It is sometimes believed that, compared to heterosexual individuals, sexual minority individuals are only more at risk for attempting suicide only during adolescence. However, a New Zealand birth cohort study reports that their "higher risk" for attempting suicide continues to exist between the ages of 21 to 26 years, at least for sexual minority males (Skegg et al., 2003), with a re-analysis by Fergusson et al. (2005) indicating that the higher risk applies for both sexual minority males and females. In the United States, for young adults ranging in age from 18 to 26 years in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Silenzio et al. (2007) reports that sexual minority males and females have remained more at risk for having attempted suicide in the past year, compared to their heterosexual counterpart (includes those reporting to be predominantly heterosexual): OR = 1.4<3.0<6.2, controlling for race, gender, and age. During adolescence for the same sample, Russell & Joyner (2001) report the "greater risk" factor to have been - OR = 2.48 (1.7, 3.6) - for sexual minority females, with an OR = 2.45 (1.5, 3.9) for sexual minority males, controlling for demographic factors.

"Attempted Suicide" Results: Published Studies 1970-1983 Homosexually Oriented Males and Females
Study	Sample GLB (n)	Compa- rison Group (n)	Attempted Suicide % (n / N), Odd Ratio (95% CI)	p
Saghir et al., 1970a (F*) Adults: Homophile Organization Chicago & San Francisco	57 Homo- Sexual	43 Hetero- Sexual	23% (13 / 57) vs. 5% (2 / 43)	0.012
Saghir et al., 1970b (M) Adults: Homophile Organization Chicago & San Francisco*	85 Homo- Sexual	35 Hetero- Sexual	7% (6 / 85) vs. 0% (0 / 35) Note: 5 / 6 attempted before age of 20 years	0.107
Roesler & Deisher, 1972 (M) - Age = 16-22 Years: Clinical: 48% = previous psychiatric care	60 Gay / Bisexual	None	31%	--
Bell & Weinberg, 1978 (M, F) Stratified Sampling: 1969, Bay Area, San Francisco Predominantly Homosexual & Predominantly Heterosexual Mean Ages = 26 to 36 Years Complete Tabulated Results	575 (M)	284 (M)	White Males, Lifetime 18.3% (105 / 575 vs. 3.2% (9 / 284) OR = 6.8 (3.4, 13.7)	0.000
	111 (M)	53 (M)	Black Males; Lifetime 19.8% (22 / 111) vs. 1.9% (1 / 53) OR = 12.8 (1.7, 98.2)	0.002
	229 (F)	101 (F)	White Females, Lifetime 25.3% (58 / 229) vs. 9.9% (10 / 101) OR = 3.1 (1.5, 6.3)	0.001
	64 (F)	38 (F)	Black Females, Lifetime 17.2% (11 / 64) vs. 18.4% (7 / 38)	0.874
	575 (M)	284 (m)	White Males: To Age 20 Years - 9.4% (54 / 575) vs. 0.7% (2 / 284) OR = 14.6 (3.5, 60.4)	0.000
Jay & Young, 1979 (M, F) Survey Questionnaire National USA	+5,000 Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual	None	40% (M). 39% (F) Attempters + those who only seriously considered suicide.	--
Harry, 1983a, Using Bell & Weinberg, 1978. Sample Data (1969)	Analysis of those who seriously considered suicide or attempted suicide (combined) as related to gender non- conformity (high/low rating, to age 17), sexual orientation, and loner status (high/low rating).
* F = Female, M = Male

"Attempted Suicide" Results: Published Studies 1987-1991 Homosexually Oriented Males and Females
Study	Sample GLB (n)	Compa- rison Group (n)	Attempted Suicide Incidences % (n / N)	p
Remafedi, 1987 (M*) Age = 15-19	29	None	34%	--
Bradford & Ryan, 1988, 1994. (F*) Adults: 1984-85 National Volunteer Sample	1925	None	All: 19%, White: 16% Latina: 28% Black: 27%	--
Martin & Hetrick, 1988. (M, F) Youth Receiving Social Services New York		None	21%	--
Uribe & Harbeck, 1992. (M) Gay High School Students (LA)	37	None	50%	--
Uribe & Harbeck, 1992. (F) Lesbian High School Students (LA)	13	None	23%	--
Schneider et al., 1989. (M) College & Community Gay Rap Groups (LA)	106	None	23%	--
Remafedi et al., 1991. Age = 14-21 Years: Volunteers: Gay Community. US Midwest & Pacific Northwest. - Additional Results.	139	None	30% 58% of attempts = moderate to low chance of rescuability.	--
* F = Female, M = Male

BEM: Femininity / Masculinity Categories & Suicidality Gay And Bisexual Male Youth: Age 14 - 21 Years Remafedi, Farrow & Deisher (1991)
Femininity / Masculinity Categories	Feminine	Androgynous: 31% Undifferentiated: 26%	Masculine
% of Males in Category	23% (31/137)	31% + 26% = 57% (42/137) / (35/137)	20% (28/137)
Attempted Suicide Percent Incidence	48% (15/31)	Androgynous = 26%, Undifferentiated = 34% (23/77 = 30% )¹	11% (3/28)^{2, 3}
Attempted Suicide Percent Incidence	Feminine = 48%, Androgynous = 26%, Undifferentiated = 34% (38/108 = 35.2% )		11% (3/28)⁴
Bem Sex Role Inventory: Feminine: High F, Low M scores- Masculine: Low F, High M scores Androgynous High F & M scores - Undifferentiated: Low F & M scores Greater risk (95% Confidence Intervals) for attempting suicide: 1. "Feminine" Category vs. this Category - RR = .98<1.6<2.7 (χ² = 3.3, p = .068); 2. "Feminine" Category vs. this Category - RR = 1.4<4.5<14.0 (χ² = 9.8, p = .002); "Androgynous / Undifferentiated" Category vs. this Category - RR = .91<2.8<8.6 (χ² = 4.0, p = .044); 4. "Feminine / Androgynous / Undifferentiated" Category vs. this Category - RR = 1.1<3.3<9.9 (χ² = 6.3, p = .012).

North American Lifetime "Attempted Suicide" Incidences Non-Random: GLB Community or GLB Services Homosexually Oriented Youth: 1993 - 1999
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age
Hammelman (1993)	48 28 (M) 20 (F)	None	29% (14 / 48)	Iowa, USA: GLB Support Groups College / Community: 96% White Age = 15 - 32 Years
D'Augelli & Hershberger (1993)	194 142 (M) 52 (F)	None	42%	GLB Community Support Groups, USA - Canada Age: <= 21 Years
Proctor & Groze (1994)	221 159 (M) 62 (F)	None	40.3% (89 / 221)	GLB Community Groups USA, Canada Age <= 21 Years
Remafedi (1994)	239 (M)	None	29.5% (70 / 237)	GLB Community Sites, Appeals, Advertisements, Referrals. USA Age = 13 - 21 Years
Rotheram- Borus et al. (1994)	132 (M)	None	39% (51 / 131)	Hispanic: 51%, Black: 30%. White: 12%. Hetrick & Martin, New York GLB Service Organization: 1988-91 Age = 14 - 19 Years
Waldo et al. (1998)	54 38 (M) 16 (F)	None	31.5% (17 / 54)	US Rural University Setting Organizations / Events Age = 16 - 21 Years
Lehmann et al. (1998)	53 (F)	None	27%	Study Participants Contacted by Lesbian Organization: USA Age = 15 - 44 Years
Grossman & Kerner (1998)	58 (M)	None	26% (15 / 58)	Volunteers, 1995: New York Drop-In: Hetrick-Martin Institute. Mostly Black and Latino/a Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Identified Mean Age: 17.6 Years, 14 - 21 Years
Grossman & Kerner (1998)	32 (F)	None	38% (12 / 38)
Safren & Heimberg (1999)	56 29 (M) 27 (F)	48 21 (M) 27 (F)	30.9% (17 / 55) vs.12.5% (6 / 48)	USA: After-School Education or Recreation; Job Training, YMCA Age = 16 - 21 Years, About 36% White All Attempters: OR = 3.1 (1.1, 8.8) Attempters With Intent to Die OR = 5.1 (1.1, 24.6)
Safren & Heimberg (1999)	56 29 (M) 27 (F)	48 21 (M) 27 (F)	17.9% (10 / 55) vs. 4.2% (2 / 48)
* M = Males - F = Females

North American Lifetime "Attempted Suicide" Incidences Non-Random: GLB Community or GLB Services Homosexually Oriented Youth: 2000 - 2008
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age, Odd Ratio ((5%CI) - p
D'Augelli et al. (2001)	350 (MF*)	None	34% Lifetime	GLB Community Support Groups, USA - Canada Age: <= 21 Years
Savin- Williams (2001)	83 (F)	None	17% (14 / 83)	41% Lesbian: True Attempters See Table
	73 (F) 1 to 100% Homosexual	79 (F) 100% Heterosexual	10% (7 / 73) vs. 8% (6 / 79)	University Students: See Table OR: 1.3 (0.41, 5.0), p = 0.661
	52 (M) 1 to 100% Homosexual	61 (M) 100% Heterosexual	9%: (5 / 53) vs. 2% (1 / 61)	University Students: See Table 6.2 (0.71, 6.9), p = 0.063
D'Augelli (2002)	542 336 (M) 206 (F)	None	37% 36% (M) 39% (F) Lifetime	D'Augelli & Hershberger (1993) D'Augelli et al. (2001) Combined - 75% White Age = 15 - 21 Years
Remafedi (2002)	254 (M)	None	33.5% (85 / 254) (4.7% in the Past Year)	Volunteers: Popular Gay Venues in Major metropolitan area: Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Criteria: Same-Sex Sex, Past Year. 85% White, 8.8% Black Age: 15 - 25 Years
Carragher & Rivers (2002)	203 (M)	None	18.7% (38 / 203) Lifetime	American Volunteers: Gay Community Mean Age: 25.3 Years, 18 to 30 Years 97% With Some University Education (13%), in College (13%), or with One or More University Degree (71%) Carragher (1999)
Rosario et al. (2005)	156 (MF) 80 (M) 76 (F)	None	All: 35.3% (55 / 156) 17.9% (28 / 156) Med. Care	Volunteers: 3 GLB Community & 2 GLB Student organizations: New York, 1993-95 Latino: 37%, Black: 35%, White: 22% Mean Age: 18.3 (SD: 1.6), 14-21 Years
D'Augelli et al. (2005) See Tabulated Results	361 202 (M) 159 (F)	None	31.4% (166 / 528) True Attempts: 14.8% (78 / 528)	Black (41%), Hispanic (29%), White (27%), New York GLB Service Organizations Age = 15 - 19 Years
Clatts et. al. (2005) Additional Results: - Race - - Sexual Orientation - - Suicidality -	549	None	33.4% Lifetime	Sampling: Popular Gay Venues, New York 26.7% White: See Tabulated Information Mean Age: 21.7 (SD: 2.9), 17 to 28 Years
	320	None	26.6%	Never Homeless
	249	None	42.2%	Ever Homeless
	166	None	41.8%	Previously Homeless
	83	None	43.4%	Presently Homeless
Walls et al. (2008)	142 (MF)	None	57 / 142 40.1% Lifetime	GLBT Youth Receiving Services at a Denver, Colorado GLBT Community Social Services Agency: "Rainbow Alley." Age Range: 14-21 Years, 82%: 16-19 Years. 29% White, 28% Bi/Multi-Racial, 20% Latino.
Moon et al. (2007)	77: Only Same-Sex Partners	None	21 / 77 27.3% Lifetime	Volunteers (1999 & 2001): Receiving services at the Richmond Organization for Sexual Minority Youth, Richmond, Virginia. Age Range: 14 to 21 Years Sexually Bisexual Youth are more at risk for attempting suicide, compared to Sexually Homosexual Youth: OR: 1.2<4.4<15.8
Moon et al. (2007)	27 Both-Sex Partners	None	17 / 26 65.4% Lifetime
Kipke et al. (2007)	526 (M)	None	All: 4% White: 4% Black: 5% Latino: 4%	2005 Volunteer Venue Sample, Los Angeles, Age: 18 to 24 years. 95 (37%) Caucasian, 126 (24%) African American, and 205 (39%) Latino YMSM of Mexican descent. 74% Gay, 16% Bisexual. Attempted Suicide: Past year Speculated to not be "at risk" by comparing results with author generated national results for 18 year-old males in school: The CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Set. See Contested Conclusion in Table Below.
Kipke et al. (2007)	526 (M)	None	All: 2% White: 1% Black: 2% Latino: 3%
* M = Males - F = Females

The Savin-Williams 2001 Study 1: Sexual Minority Women "Attempting Suicide" Criteria *
Categories	University Students n = 72	Community Support Groups n = 11	All N = 83
% White	90%: 65 / 72 **	64%: 7 / 11	86.7%: 72 / 83
% Lesbian Identified	35%: 23 / 72	82%: 8 / 11	41%: 31 / 83
% Reporting Attempt(s)	19%: 14 / 72	45%: 5 / 11	23%: 19 / 83
% True Suicide Attempters	12%: 9 / 72	45%: 5 / 11	17%: 14 / 83
% False Suicide Attempters	7%: 5 / 72	0.0%: 0 / 11	6%: 5 / 83
% of Suicide Attempters = False	38% : 5 / 14	0.0%: 0 / 5	26%: 5 / 19
Sample: USA Volunteers with nonheterosexual sexual identity, Mean Age: 21.9 Years, 18 to 25 Years. Criteria for Determining False Suicide Attempters: If their "Suicide Attempt(s) was described as one of the following: 1. Thought seriously about it. - 2. Had a plan but did not carry it out. - 3. Had a method but did not carry it out. * Counts not given. Estimated from given percentages.

The Savin-Williams 2001 Study 2 Sexual Minority Female University Students "Attempting Suicide" Criteria *
Categories	Kinsey Rating ¹ "1 to 7" n = 73	Kinsey Rating ¹ "0" n = 79	Odd Ratios ² (95%CI), p
% Reporting Attempt(s)	22%: 16 / 73 ³	11%: 9 / 79	2.2 (0.90, 5.3) p = 0.080
% True Suicide Attempters	10%: 7 / 73	8%: 6 / 79	1.3 (0.41, 5.0) p = 0.661
% Suicide Attempters Medical Care Received	3%: 2 / 73	3%: 2 / 79	1.1 (0.15, 8.0) p = 0.926
% False Suicide Attempters	12%: 9 / 73	4%: 3 / 79	3.6 (0.94, 13.9) p = 0.048
% of Suicide Attempters = False	56% : 9 / 16	33%: 3 / 9	2.6 (0.47, 14.1) p = 0.271
Sample: USA Volunteers Taking Introductory University Courses (Human Development, Sexuality), Mean Age: 20.2 Years, 17 to 25 Years. *Criteria for Determining False Suicide Attempters: If their "Suicide Attempt(s) was described as one of the following: 1. Thought seriously about it. - 2. Had a plan but did not carry it out. - 3. Had a method but did not carry it out. 1. Kinsey Ratings: "0" = "exclusively heterosexual". "1 to 7" = "slightly" to "exclusively homosexual". 2. Odds ratios are calculated from estimated counts. 3. Counts not given. Estimated from given percentages.

The Savin-Williams 2001 Study 2 Sexual Minority Male University Students "Attempting Suicide" Criteria *
Categories	Kinsey Rating ¹ "1 to 7" n = 53	Kinsey Rating ¹ "0" n = 61	Odd Ratios ² (95%CI), p
% Reporting Attempt(s)	23%: 12 / 53 ³	2%: 1 / 61	17.6 (2.2, 140.3) p = 0.0004
% True Suicide Attempters	9%: 5 / 53	2%: 1 / 61	6.2 (0.71, 6.9) p = 0.063
% Suicide Attempters Medical Care Received	6%: 3 / 53	0.0%: 0 / 61	p = 0.060
% False Suicide Attempters	13%: 7 / 53	0.0%: 0 / 61	p = 0.003
% of Suicide Attempters = False	58% : 7 / 12	0.0%: 0 / 1	p = 0.261
Sample: USA Volunteers Taking Introductory University Courses (Human Development, Sexuality), Mean Age: 20.2 Years, 17 to 25 Years. *Criteria for Determining False Suicide Attempters: If their "Suicide Attempt(s) was described as one of the following: 1. Thought seriously about it. - 2. Had a plan but did not carry it out. - 3. Had a method but did not carry it out. 1. Kinsey Ratings: "0" = "exclusively heterosexual". "1 to 7" = "slightly" to "exclusively homosexual". 2. Odds ratios are calculated from estimated counts. 3. Counts not given. Estimated from given percentages. Note: Given that 5 of the 6 true suicide attempters were non-heterosexual and that the 3 suicide attempters who received medical attention were all non-heterosexual males, this result should maybe have caused a major alert to be sounded at the counseling services of the university where the study sample was taken.

Suicidality of 2005 Venue Sampled Gay/Bisexual in Kipke et al. (2007) Study Comparison Issues/Problems With CDC's 2005 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Results
Categories	% Incidence Attempted Suicide, Past Year	% Incidence, Attempted Suicide, Received Medical Attention, Past Year
Kipke et al. (2007) Results: Using YRBS Style Questions For 18 to 24-Year-Old Males	20 / 526 = 3.8% Given as 4% ¹	10 / 526 = 1.9% Given as 2% ¹
Kipke et al. Generated National YRBS Results, 2005: 18 Year-Old Part of Sample: N = 1046	56 / 1046 = 5.35 Given as 6% ²	16 / 1046 = 1.53% Given as 2% ²
Note: As stated by authors, it looks like GB males are not at greater risk for suicidality, or they are at lesser risk, thus warranting further investigation. The CDC does not generate and report YRBS results based on age, but only based on high school grade level. On average, the oldest male students - those closest in age to the males in the Kipke et al. (2007) sample - would be in Grade 12.
CDC (2006) Results, 2005 YRBS, Males, Grade 9	6.8%	2.1%
CDC (2006) Results, 2005 YRBS, Males, Grade 10	7.3%	2.2%
CDC (2006) Results, 2005 YRBS, Males, Grade 11	4.5%	1.4%
CDC (2006) Results, 2005 YRBS, Males, Grade 12	4.3%	1.0%
CDC (2006) Results, 2005 YRBS, Males, Grades 9-12	6.0%	1.8%
Note: It appears like GB males, compared to Grade 12 males nationally, may have twice the risk of an attempted suicide associated with having received medical attention. Also: Why is the generated national "attempted suicide" incidence for 18-year-old males by Kipke et al (2007) almost as high as it is for males in grades 9 and 10? And almost 50% higher than that generated by the CDC for males in grades 11 and 12 in 2005?
Note: The CDC Grades 9-12 national male "attempted suicide" incidences are obtained from widely varying results ranging from a high incidence of 12.7% in North Carolina, to a low of 2.8% in New Hampshire, and from a high of 14.2% in a city such as New Orleans to a low of 2.1% in Los Angeles, where the Kipke sample was taken. Thus explaining why researchers should always compare their results with those of a similar sample taken at least in the same city and also in the same year (becauses changes often occur from year to year) with a similar survey instrument! Or else, what will be concluded in terms of relative risk will likely be meaningless, at best; or it may be manipulative, as in maybe also being 'politically' motivated, at its worse.
CDC (2006) Results, 2005 YRBS, Males, Grade 9-12, Los Angeles	2.1%	1.2%
Not Available, But 'Roughy' Estimated for Grades 11-12 Males in the Los Angeles 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This was done using, as a guide, the relative incidences in the above national "attempted suicide" incidences for males.	2.1% X (4.3 / 6.0 = 0.73) 1.5%	1.2% X (1.25 / 1.8% = 0.69) 0.83
Note: As a rule, the two "attempted suicide" incidences for males decrease significantly from Grades 9-10 to Grades 11-12, and the incidences likely continue to decrease to let's say the mean age of 20 (being another 3 years older, on average), or for males ranging in age from 18 to 24 years, as in the Kipke et al. sample. Therefore, for males aged 18 to 24 years living in Los Angeles in 2005, the "attempted suicide" incidences may have been yet another third less than for the above estimate for Grades 11-12 males in LA.
Estimated Incidences of 18-24-year-old males in LA in 2005. These figures also include the likely overrepresented suicidality of gay/bisexual males in the sample studied. Therefore, the incidences would be even lower for heterosexual males only.	1.0%	0.56%
Meaning? Possible? Likely? ³If so, similar to Silenzio et al (2007) results given in Table for young adults aged 18 to 26 years. Also similar to Whitlock & Knox (2007) result for mostly undergraduate students at two universities: Table.	Kipke et al. GB Males: 4-Times More at Risk.	Kipke et al. GB Males: Almost 4-Times The Risk
1. Possible Non-Responders to the Question. 2.Discrepancy is likely the result of non-responders to the "Attempted Suicide" question. 3. Kipke et al (2007): "While not a perfect comparison given the younger age of the YRBSS respondents and the fact that not all HYM data could be compared to this national sample, these comparisons do suggest that YMSM may not be at much greater risk for negative health outcomes associated with diet, weight, physical activity, and suicide, although they may be at increased risk for exposure to STIs and HIV infection."

Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): New York Age: 17 to 28 Years - Mean: 21.7 Years: 'Race'/Ethnicity
Categories	All MSM Males **	** Ever Homeless	Never Homeless	Previously Homeless	Currently Homeless
N's Percent	569 100%	249 43.8%	320 56.2%	166 29.2%	83 14.7%
Age: Mean, (SD)	21.7 (2.9)		21.8 (2.9)	21.6 (2.9)	21.4 (2.9)
White, % Category, % White, n's*	26.7% 100% 152	16.5% 27.0% 41 : 111	34.7% 73.0% 111 : 41	20.5% 22.4% 34 : 118	8.4% 4.6% 7 : 145
Black, % of Category, % Black, n's* OR (95%CI): vs. White p ***	22.7% 100% 129	24.1% 46.5% 60 : 69 2.4 (1.4, 3.9) 0.0006	21.6% 53.5% 69 : 60	22.9% 29.4% 38 : 91 1.4 (0.85, 2.5) 0.175	26.5% 17.1% 22 : 107 4.3 (1.7, 10.3) 0.0006
Hispanic, % of Category, % Hispanic, n's* OR (95%CI): vs. White p *******	40.4% 100% 230	50.2% 54.3% 125 : 105 3.2 (2.1, 5.0) 0.0000	32.8% 45.7% 105 : 125	48.8% 35.2% 81 : 149 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) 0.007	53.0% 19.1% 44 : 186 4.9 (2.1, 11.2) 0.0000
Others, % of Category, % Others, n's* OR (95%CI): vs. White p *******	10.2% 100% 58	9.2% 39.6% 23 : 35 1.8 (0.94, 3.4) 0.074	10.9% 60.4% 35 : 23	7.8% 22.4% 13 : 45 1.0 (0.48, 2.1) 0.994	12.0% 17.2% 10 : 48 4.3 (1.6, 12.0) 0.003
*** Statistics 4 'Races': Chi Square		28.7 0.001	28.7 0.000	8.8 0.05	16.9 0.001
Data Source: Clatts et. al. (2005) * The n's are not given. Estimated from given percentages in Homeless Categories n's = Yes : No - within each 'Race'/Ethnic category Assuming that all study participants responded to the questions asked. Generally not given. Calculated from other data. * Odd Ratios and Significance calculated by web page author.

Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): New York Sexual Orientation Categories
Categories	All MSM Males **	** Ever Homeless	Never Homeless	Previously Homeless	Currently Homeless
N's Percent	569 100%	249 43.8%	320 56.2%	166 29.2%	83 14.7%
Age: Mean, (SD)	21.7 (2.9)		21.8 (2.9)	21.6 (2.9)	21.4 (2.9)
Gay, % of Category % of Gay Males n's*	63.4% 100% 361	49.4% 34.1% 123 : 238	74.4% 65.9% 238 : 123	56.0% 25.8% 93 : 268	36.1% 8.3% 30 : 331
Bisexual, % of Category % of Bisexual Males n's* OR (95%CI): vs. Gay p ***	23.9% 100% 136	31.3% 57.4% 78 : 58 2.6 (1.7, 3.9) 0.0000	17.8% 42.6% 58 : 78	29.5% 36.0% 49 : 87 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) 0.024	34.9% 21.3% 29 : 107 3.0 (1.7, 5.2) 0.0000
Hetero..., % of Category % of Heterosexual Males n's* OR (95%CI): vs. Gay p *******	7.2% 100% 41	12.0% 73.2% 30 : 11 5.3 (2.6, 10.9) 0.000	3.4% 28.8% 11 : 30	7.2% 29.3% 12 : 29 1.2 (0.58, 2.4) 0.628	21.7% 43.9% 18 : 23 8.6 (4,2, 17.8) 0.0000
Other, % of Category, % of "Other" Males, n's* OR (95%CI): vs. Gay p *******	5.6% 100% 32	7.2% 56.3% 18 : 14 2.5 (1.2, 5.2) 0.012	4.4% 43.8% 14 : 18	7.2% 37.5% 12 : 20 1.7 (0.81, 3.7) 0.150	7.2% 18.8% 6 : 26 2.5 (0.97, 6.7) 0.0497
Total	100% 570	100% 249	100% 321	99.9% 166	99.9% 83
*** Statistics 4 Sex Orientations Chi Square		40.4 0.001	40.4 0.001	6.2 0.20	45.2 0.001
Trans..., % of Category % of Transgender Males n's* OR (95%CI): vs. Gay p *******	8.8% 100% 50	11.6% 58.0% 29 : 21 2.7 (1.5, 4.9) 0.001	6.6% 42.0% 21 : 29	7.8% 26.0% 13 : 37 1.0 (0.52, 2.0) 0.971	19.3% 32.0% 16 : 36 4.9 (2.4, 9.8) 0.0000
Data Source: Clatts et. al. (2005) * The n's are not given. Estimated from given percentages in Homeless Categories n's = Yes : No - within each Sexual Orientation category Assuming that all study participants responded to the questions asked. Generally not given. Calculated from other data. * Odd Ratios and Significance calculated by web page author. Transgender compared to Gay, but some transgender identified MSMs may also have identified as gay.

Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): New York Age: 17 to 28 Years - Mean: 21.7 Years: 'Race'/Ethnicity
Categories	All MSM Males **	** Ever Homeless	Never Homeless	Previously Homeless	Currently Homeless
N's Percent	569 100%	249 43.8%	320 56.2%	166 29.2%	83 14.7%
Age: Mean, (SD)	21.7 (2.9)		21.8 (2.9)	21.6 (2.9)	21.4 (2.9)
Attempted Suicide: % % of Suicide Attempters * n's: Attempters : Non-Att OR: vs. Never Homeless p ***	33.4% 100% 190 : 379	42.2% 55.3% 105 : 144 2.0 (1.4, 2.9) 0.0000	26.6% 44.7% 85 : 235	41.8% 36.3% 69 : 97 2.0 (1.3, 2.9) 0.0007	43.4% 19.9% 36 : 47 2.1 (1.3, 3.5) 0.0029
% Attempters = Multiple Attempters	46.8% **	54.3% **	37.6%	53.6%	55.6%
Multiple S. Attempters: % % of Multiple Attempters * n's OR: vs. Never Homeless p ***	15.6% 100% 89 : 480	22.9% 64.0% 57 : 192 2.7 (1.7, 4.3) 0.0000	10.0% 36.0% 32 : 288	22.4% 41.6% 37 : 129 2.6 (1.5, 4.3) 0.0002	24.1% 22.5% 20 : 63 2.9 (1.5, 5.3) 0.0006
% Attempters = Attempted, Sex Orientation (S.O.) Reason	34.7% **	33.3% **	36.2%	32.4%	36.4%
S.O. Suicide Attempters: % % of S.O. Attempters * n's OR: vs. Never Homeless p ***	11.6% 100% 66 : 503	14.1% 53.0% 35 : 214 1.5 (0.91, 2.6) 0.106	9.6% 47.0% 31 : 289	13.5% 33.3% 22 : 144 1.4 (0.80, 2.5) 0.232	15.8% 19..7% 13 : 70 1.7 (0.86, 3.5) 0.120
Data Source: Clatts et. al. (2005) * The n's are not given. Estimated from given percentages in Homeless Categories n's = Yes : No - within Attempted Suicide category Assuming that all study participants responded to the questions asked. Generally not given. Calculated from other data. * Odd Ratios and Significance calculated by web page author.

The D'Augelli et al. 2005 Study of New York GLB Youth "Attempting Suicide" Criteria
All Reporting Having Attempting Suicide	Suicide Attempters	n's	Category Described Attempt: Serious / Not Serious Intent To Die
All Youths Reporting to Have Attempted Suicide: 166 / 528 (31.4%) Those Deemed to Have Attempted Suicide: 78 / 528 (14.8%) Those Deemed to Have Attempted Suicide in Final Study Sample (Data Complete): 61 / 361 (16.9%)	Removed As Suicide Attempters *	28	Report or Indication of Having Attempted Suicide
	60 Removed As Suicide Attempters	30	Not Serious, No Intent to Die
		23	Serious, No Intent to Die
		7	No Information Given
	78 Deemed To Be Real Suicide Attempters	21	Not Serious, Intent to Die
		25	Serious, Intent to Die
		22	Very Serious, Intent to Die, with 7 Having No Intent to Die
* 19 were removed because "attempting suicide" was reported in questionnaire, but not in interview. 9 were removed because "attempting suicide" was only threatened, but not done

American Lifetime "Attempted Suicide" Incidences Non-Random: GLB Community, GLB Services Homosexually Oriented Adults: 1994 - 2009
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odd Ratios (95%CI)
Ryan et al. (2009)	114 (M) 110 (F) 107 White 117 Latino	None	Range For Groups: 27.3-54.8%, Lifetime All: 40.6%	Volunteer Sample from 249 GLB Venues, San Francisco. Age Range: 21-25 Years, Mean age: 22.8 Years. Sample Criteria: GLB Self-Identified and having come out to at least one parent/guardian in adolescence. Additional Results: Table Below, including Family Rejection effects.
Meyer et al. (2008)	193 (M) 195 (F) 388 (MF) 132 - White 128 - Black 128 - Latino	None	8.4%, Lifetime Serious Suicide Attempt 68.8%, One or More Mental Disorder, Lifetime	Volunteers, 2004-05 Venue Sampling, New York City Information to determine "serious suicide attempts" was obtained via the computer- assisted personal interview (Version 19) of the WHO World Mental Health Survey: the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. See Table Below for Variable Results.
Walter et al. (2008)	244 (M*)	None	59 / 241 24.5% Lifetime	*244 mostly male sexual minority American Indians from a volunteer multi-city sample (includes 10 female-to-male transsexual individuals)
Koh & Ross (2006)	524 (F) Lesbian	637 (F) Hetero- sexual	16.7% (85 / 510) vs. 10.2% (63/617) Lifetine	USA Volunteers: Inpatients at General Health Care Sites, Lesbian Health Clinics. Mean Ages: 36-41, SDs: 9 to 13 Years 81% to 85% Caucasian. ORs calculated from counts estimated from given data. Lesbian vs. Hetero. : OR = 1.4 (1.006, 2.0) Bisexual vs. Hetero.: OR = 2.4 (1.5, 3.8)
Koh & Ross (2006)	143 (F) Bisexual	637 (F) Hetero- sexual	21.3% (30 / 141)vs 10.2% (63/617) Lifetime
Balsam et al. (2005) Estimates: Additional Results	264 (M*)	185 (M)	11.4% vs 3.3%	OR = 3.8 (1.6, 9.4) - To Age 17 years
	264 (M)	185 (M)	10.6% vs. 3.3%	OR = 3.5 (1.4, 8.7) - Age 18 + Years
	457 (F)	358 (F)	9.8% vs. 6.2%	OR = 1.6 (0.95, 2.7) - To Age 17 years
	457 (F)	348 9F)	8.7% vs. 4.4%	OR = 2.1 (1.1, 3.8) - Age 18 + Years
Roberts et al. (2004)	1,139 (F)	None	19.5% Lifetime	Volunteers, Via Outreach: 1997-2000. Sample From 44 American States. Mean Age = 40 Years (Approx) . Age Range = 15-55+ Years For 146 / 225 Suicide Attempters, First Attempt Occurred <= 18 Years
Matthews et al. (2002)	550 (F) Lesbian / Bisexual	279 (F) Hetero- sexual	22% (91 / 414) vs. 13% (22 / 169) Lifetime	Volunteers, Lesbian Communities, in Three Large American Cities: 1994-96. Mean Age: 43 Years Most Suicide Attempts: 15 to 29 Years OR = 1.9 (1.2, 3.1): An Estimate
McBee- Strayer & Rogers (2002)	162 (MF) 85 (M) 75 (F)	None	36.4% Lifetime	USA Volunteers: GLB Organizations & Snowballing. - Mean Age: 37.1. (SD: 12.0), 18 to 64 Years Attempters: 23.4% (Ambivalence) + 13.0% (Intent to Die) = 36.4%
D'Augelli & Grossman (2001) Grossman et al. (2001)	416 295 (M) 121 (F)	None	12.5% (52 / 416) Lifetime	Volunteers Obtained Via Community Organizations: Many American States, and Ontario, Canada: 1997-98. Age = 60 - 91 Years, Mean: 68.5 Years, SD: 5.8 Years Most Attempted Suicide Between ages 22 to 59 years.
Morris et al. (2001)	2,401 (F) Mostly Lesbian/Gay	None	21.5%, Lifetime About 52% of them attempted suicide two or more times. On Suicidality Scale: Native Americans More at Risk.	Volunteers: National Lesbian Wellness Survey Average Age: 36 Years. Range: 15-83 Years. White (75%, N=1,809), African American (10%, N=231), Latina (7%, N=173), Native American (4%, N=85), and Asian American/Pacific Islander, (3%, N=63), with 1% (N=40) indicated "other". 75% with a one or more college degrees.
Sorensen & Roberts (1997)	1,633 (F)	None	18% Lifetime	USA Volunteers, Via Outreach: 1987. Median Age = 32. Years. Age Range = 16 - 82 Years. 46% of Suicide Attempts Occurred Between Ages or 13 to 18 Years
Bradford & Ryan (1988, 1994)	1,925 (F)	None	All: 19%, Lifetime White: 16% Latina: 28% Black: 27%	National American Volunteer Snowball Sample Taken in 1984-85. Age = 17 - 80 Years 80% Between Ages of 25 - 44 Years
* M = Males - F = Females

224 American White and Latino Young Adults, 21 to 25 Years Old GLB Identified & Out to At Least One Parent / Guardian in Adolescence Suicidality and Depression: Effects of Family Rejection ¹
Categories / Variables ⁴	Rejection Scale Score OR ²	Rejection Level			Mode- rate Rejec- tion OR	High Rejec- tion OR
Categories / Variables ⁴	Rejection Scale Score OR ²	Low	Mode- rate	High	Mode- rate Rejec- tion OR	High Rejec- tion OR
Depression, Current CES-D > 16	2.21 (1.62–3.01)	22.4%	44.6%	63.5%	2.92 (1.42–6.00)	5.94 (2.86–12.34)
Suicide Ideation, Past 6 Months	2.13 (1.53–2.95	11.8%	21.6%	43.2%	2.12 (0.86–5.18)	5.64 (2.42–13.14)
Attempted Suicide, Ever	3.09 (2.18–4.37)	19.7%	35.1%	67.6%	2.29 (1.08–4.83)	8.35 (3.90–17.85)

Categories / Variables ⁴	All	Males		Females		Effects Statistically Significant
Categories / Variables ⁴	All	White	Latino	White	Latino	Effects Statistically Significant
N's	224	52	62	55	55	-
Mean Age, Years At Survey Time	22.8	22.9	22.9	23.1	22.6	None
Come Out, Parent(s) Mean Age, Years	15.8	15.2	15.8	16.2	16.1	None
Depression, Current CES-D > 16	43.3%	44.2%	58.1%	41.8%	27.3%	GxE ³
Suicide Ideation, Past 6 Months	25.4%	25.0%	35.5%	27.3%	12.7%	GxE ³
Attempted Suicide, Ever	40.6%	44.2%	54.8%	34.5%	27.3%	None
1. The selection process for this study creates an unknown: What are the possible effects on GLB self-identified adolescents if, during adolescence, they did not come out to at least one parent or guardian? Study by Ryan et al. (2009). 2. All ORs, 95% Confidence Intervals 3. GxE: GxE indicates gender-by-ethnicity interaction, p < 0.05 4. At risk results also given in the paper for subtance abuse and taking sexual risks.

Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Adults, and Their Siblings "Attempted Suicide" Incidences / Risks Homosexual/Bisexual vs. Heterosexual
Sexual Orientation »	Hetero- sexual	Bisexual	Homosexual	Homosexual & Bisexual *
Men
Counts in Categories	185	38	226	264
Attempted Suicide < 18 Years ** Odd Ratios (95%CI)	3.3%	17.1% 5.6 (1.7, 18.4)	10.5% 3.5 (1.4, 8.9)	11.4% 3.8 (1.6, 9.4)
Attempted Suicide 18 + Years ** Odd Ratios (95%CI)	3.3%	11.4% 3.4 (0.94, 13.1)	10.5% 3.5 (1.4, 8.9)	10.6% 3.5 (1.4, 8.7)
Lifetime	?	?	?	?
Women
Counts in Categories	348	125	332	457
Attempted Suicide < 18 Years ** Odd Ratios (95%CI)	6.2%	17.4% 3.2 (1.7, 5.9)	7.0% 1.1 (0.60, 2.0)	9.8% 1.6 (0.95, 2.7)
Attempted Suicide 18 + Years ** Odd Ratios (95%CI)	4.4%	10.7% 2.6 (1.2, 5.6)	7.9% 1.9 (0.98, 3.6)	8.7% 2.1 (1.1, 3.8)
Lifetime	?	?	?	?
Data Source: Balsam et al. (2005) GLB Sampling via Magazine/Web Advertisement. Their Siblings: via mail. Mean Ages For Groups: 31.6-39.3 Years (SDs: 10.3-11.7 Years). 91.7% European American * Data For Combined Homosexual & Bisexual Groups Not Given. Estimated From Given Percentages. ** Odds Ratio Calculated From Estimated Counts, Assuming No Non-Responders to Questions. The actual Odds Ratio Would be a Little Less.

Lifetime Serious Suicide Attempts & Mental Disorders White, Black & Latino/a Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Adults in New York City
Categories *	Any Anxiety Disorder	Any Mood Disorder	Any Substance Use Disorder	Any Disorder	Serious Suicide Attempt
All, N = 388	44.3%	30.7%	38.4%	69.8%	8.3%
Male, n = 193	43.0%	26.4%	36.8%	65.3%	9.3%
Female, n = 195	45.6%	34.9%	40.0%	74.4%	7.2%
White, n = 132	47.0%	38.6%	41.7%	76.5%	4.6%
Black, n = 128	36.7%	21.9%	30.5%	60.2%	7.0%
Latino/a, n = 128	49.2%	31.3%	43.0%	72.7%	13.3%
Lesbian/Gay, n = 318	43.7%	30.2%	35.5%	68.2%	7.9%
Bisexual, n = 70	47.1%	32.9%	51.4%	77.1%	10.0%
18 - 29 Years, n = 172	46.5%	29.1%	35.5%	69.8%	8.7%
30 - 44 Years, n = 171	43.9%	25.7%	39.8%	67.8%	5.9%
45 - 59 Years, n = 45	37.8%	55.6%	44.4%	77.8%	15.6%
Data Source: Meyer et al. (2008) - * Lifetime Incidences (Percent: %) for All Categories Information to determine "mental disorders" & "serious suicide attempts" was obtained via the computer- assisted personal interview (Version 19) of the WHO World Mental Health Survey: the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Canadian Lifetime "Attempted Suicide" Incidences Non-Random: GLB Community or GLB Services Homosexually Oriented Adults: AIDS/HIV Cohort Studies
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide Incidence	Sampling Information Age
Botnick et al. (2002)	345 ** MSM	None	19.4% (67 / 345) Lifetime	Vancouver, British Columbia - 1998 Subsample: Vanguard AIDS/HIV Cohort Men (Age = 18 to 30 Years) Identified as Gay / Bisexual, or Having Sex With Men
Otis (2000)	629 msm	None	36.1% Lifetime	Montreal, Canada - 1999 Subsample: Omega AIDS/HIV Cohort Men (Mean Age = 32 Years) Identified as Gay / Bisexual, or Having Sex With Men
* M = Males - F = Females - MSM: Men Who Have Sex With Men

Lifetime "Self Harm / Attempted Suicide" Incidences Non-Random GLB Study Populations: United Kingdom
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Self Harm / Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Comments
Rivers (2000)	116 (MF*) 92 (M)	None	37.1% (43 / 116) Self Harm / Suicide Attempt(s) Lifetime	Volunteers: Advertising in GLB Community Venues. Follow-up Questionnaire to 190 United Kingdom Participants in a Previous Study. Mean Age = 28 Years, 16 to 54 Years Men: 16 to 54 years, Women: 16 to 44 Years Age Range Information: Rivers (2004)
Cant (2002)	85 (MF)	None	32% Attempted Suicide 35% Self-Harm	The Metro Centre in Greenwich that is accessed by some young lesbian, gay and bisexual people from Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham. Data collected on 85 youth registered there from October 2001 to April 2002: 85 young people.
Carragher & Rivers (2002)	93 (M)	None	33.7% (29 / 86) Self Harm / Suicide Attempt(s) Lifetime	Male Part of Rivers (2000) UK Sample. Mean Age = 28 Years, SD: 9.0 Years Age Range: 16 to 54 Years
Webb & Wright (2001)	1145 (MF)	None	Attempted S. 18.3% (210 / 1145) Lifetime	90% Living in Brighton & Hove. Women: significantly more likely than men to have self-harmed. No significant differences for attempting suicide. Serious thoughts of suicide, ever: declines from 53.1% to 21.6%, from age group 16-25, to age group 65+ Age = 16 - 65+
Webb & Wright (2001)	1145 (MF)	None	Self Harm: 10.6% (121 / 1145) Lifetime
Hutchison et al. (2003)	95 (M)	None	Self Harm: 28.4% (27 / 95) Lifetime	Volunteers: Gay Venues (Edinburgh, Scotland) Age = 15 - 26 Years Self Harm = No Intent To Die 42% of Suicide Attempters: Repeat Attempters Compared to National Male Statistics: Self Harm: 5.6 Times More likely Attempted Suicide: 6.7 Times More Likely
Hutchison et al. (2003)	95 (M)	None	Attempted S. 27.4% (26 / 95) Lifetime
King et al. (2003)* & Warner et al. (2004)*	656 (M) Gay	505 (M) Hetero- sexual	Self Harm** 25% vs. 13.5%	Snowball Sampling (England, Wales): Gay / Lesbian Venues, Publications, Advertisements, Followed by Recruitment: Friends, etc. Mean Age = 36.4 Years Self-Harm: Lifetime
	84 (M) Bisexual	505 (M) Hetero- sexual	Self Harm** 27% vs. 13.5%	Snowball Sampling (As Above) Mean Age = 35.5 Years
	430 (F) Lesbian	588 (F) Hetero- sexual	Self Harm** 31% vs. 16.5%	Snowball Sampling (As Above) Mean Age = 34.2 Years
	111 (F) Bisexual	588 (F) Hetero- sexual	Self Harm** 33% vs. 16.5%	Snowball Sampling (As Above) Mean Age = 29.8 Years
Cull et al. (2006)	44 GLBT Homeless Youth	None	Attempted Suicide: > 66.7% Lifetime	Volunteer: GLBT Presently/Past Homeless in Brighton and Hove, England - Age = 16 - 25 Years. 'Nearly all reported a history of mental health problems or substance misuse. Half reported alcohol or substance misuse. Over two thirds had a history of attempting suicide.'
Meads et al. (2007)	449 (F) 93.5% LGB Identified	None	31.3% Attempted Suicide, Lifetime	Volunteer: Measure for Measure 1 Study (2002) Commissioned by the West Midlands South Strategic Health Authority
Meads et al. (2007)	166 (F) 77% LGB Identified	None	20.0% Attempted Suicide, Lifetime	Volunteer: Measure for Measure 2 Study (2005) Commissioned by the West Midlands South Strategic Health Authority
Hunt & Fish (2008)	5,053 (F) 81% Lesbian Identified	None	5.0% Attempted Suicide, Past Year	England: Volunteer Sample: Online & Pencil/Paper 82% White British. Age Range: 14 to 84 Years. Attempted Suicide Incidence Range, in the Past Year, in 10 Regions: 3.5% to 7.4%. See Table Below. Self-Harm, With No Intention of Killing Self, in the Past Year: Incidence Range: 15.9% to 22.9%, in 10 Regions. See Table Below. Results Similar for Wales: See Table Below.
Hunt & Fish (2008)	5,053 (F) 81% Lesbian Identified	None	20.0% Self-Harm, Past Year
Hunt & Fish (2008a)	510 (F) 77.8% Lesbian Identified	None	4.8% Attempted Suicide, Past Year	Scotland: Volunteer Sample: Online & Pencil/Paper Age Range: 15 to 72 years. Attempted Suicide Incidence Range, in the Past Year, in 10 Regions: 1.1% to 10.2%. See Table Below. Self-Harm, With No Intention of Killing Self, in the Past Year: Incidence Range: 14.6% to 39.1%, in 10 Regions. See Table Below.
Hunt & Fish (2008a)	510 (F) 77.8% Lesbian Identified	None	20.8% Self-Harm, Past Year
** Described as "Self Harm" in 2003 Paper, but as "Attempted Suicide" in 2004 Paper. * M = Males - F = Females

Attempted Suicide & Self-Harm: Lesbian & Bisexual Women in United Kingdom "Prescription For Change" Studies by Hunt & Fish (2008 & 2008a)
Categories / Strategic Health Authority (SHA)	N's	% Lesbian *	% Bisexual Women *	% Attempted Suicide, Past Year	% Self-Harm, No Death Intent Past year
All England	5,043	80.9%	15.7%	5.0%	20.0%
East of England	415	81.2%	17.6%	7.4%	22.2%
East Midlands	377	82.5%	14.9%	4.2%	17.3%
London	1,330	79.9%	15.7%	3.5%	18.1%
North East	224	79.9%	16.5%	6.4%	22.6%
North West	638	81.3%	15.4%	5.1%	22.0%
South Central	369	78.3%	17.9%	4.9%	23.5%
South East Coast	449	81.1%	15.1%	5.8%	19.0%
South West	376	82.4%	14.4%	5.6%	22.9%
West Midlands	425	81.6%	15.8%	5.2%	15.9%
Yorkshire & Humber	418	82.2%	14.2%	4.6%	19.7%
England (SHA unknown)	22	86.4%	13.6%	31.8%	45.5%
All Wales	267	81.3%	16.1%	6.4%	22.7%
South East (Wales)	135	80.7%	16.3%	4.5%	20.3%
Mid & West (Wales)	81	80.2%	17.3%	11.1%	24.7%
North Wales	51	84.3%	13.7%	3.9%	26.0%
Scotland	510	77.8%	18.2%	4.8%	20.6%
Greater Glasgow & Clyde	157	81.5%	15.9%	5.2%	14.6%
Lothian	149	73.8%	20.8%	3.4%	17.6%
Other Areas	204	74.0% to 81.8%	15.9% to 21.2%	1.1% to 10.2%	19.5% to 39.1%
* Those not Identifying as Lesbian or Bisexual are Classified as "Other". Study Commentary: "One in five lesbian and bisexual women have deliberately harmed themselves in the last year, compared to 0.4 per cent of the general population. Half of women under the age of 20 have self-harmed compared to one in fifteen of teenagers generally. Five per cent have attempted to take their life in the last year and sixteen per cent of women under the age of 20 have attempted to take their life. ChildLine estimatethat 0.12 per cent of people under 18 have attempted suicide."

Lifetime "Self Harm / Attempted Suicide" Incidences Non-Random GLB Study Populations: Ireland
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Self Harm / Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Comments
Carolan & Redmond (2003)	362 232 (M) 130 (F	None	Self Harm 26.2% (95 / 362)	Volunteers: Questionnaire promoted through youth, community and gay organisations, and online. Northern Ireland Age = <= 25 Years Self-Harm / Attempted Suicide: Lifetime
Carolan & Redmond (2003)	362 232 (M) 130 (F	None	Attempted S. 28.7% (104 / 362)
McNamee (2006)	190 (M) 93.4% Gay Bisexual Identified	None	27.1% Attempted Suicide 30.7% Self-Harmed	Volunteers: Northern Ireland Mean Age: 20.6 Years, 15 to 25 Years 60% Live in Belfast or Derry/Londonderry. Self-Harm / Attempted Suicide: Lifetime
CCL (2006)	107 (F) 85% Lesbian Identified	None	14.2% Attempted Suicide 23.8% Self-Harmed	Volunteers: Cork Region, Northern Ireland Age: 8.5% (< 23 years), 45% (23-49 Years), 44% (. 49 Years) Self-Harm / Attempted Suicide: Lifetime
Mayock et al. (2009) Internet Sample Age Range: 14-73 years Mean Age: 30.5 Years Ireland Residents: 90%*	Male n = 707	None	105 / 707 14.8%	Attempted Suicide in Past 12 months, 6 months, 30 days: 1.6% (n = 11), 1.0% (7), 0.42% (3), respectively
	Female n = 377	None	89 / 377 23.6%	Attempted Suicide in Past 12 months, 6 months, 30 days: 3.7% (n = 14), 2.4% (9), 0.79% (3), respectively
	Other n = 22	None	3 / 22 13.6%	Attempted Suicide in Past 12 months, 6 months, 30 days: 0.0% (n = 0), 0.0% (0), 0.0% (0). respectively
	All n = 1,110	None	197 / 1,110 17.7%	Attempted Suicide in Past 12 months, 6 months, 30 days: 2.3% (n = 25), 1.4% (16), 0.54 (6), respectively
	Trans- gender n = 46	None	12 / 46 26.1%	Attempted Suicide in Past 12 months, 6 months, 30 days: 6.5% (n = 3), 6.5% (3), 0.0% (9), respectively
	Interview Sample n = 22	None	13 / 22 59.1%	Qualitative Part of the Study. For Above Qantitative Study: First suicide attempts were Very Much (12%), Very (35%) and Somewhat (25%) related to LGBT Identification
* Over 90% were residents in the Republic of Ireland. 4% were living in Northern Ireland.

Adolescent School Surveys: Random or Near-Random "Attempted Suicide" Risk: Same-Sex Sexual Orientation/Identity vs. Heterosexual Identity Published American Studies
Study	Sexual Minority	Others	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Grade - Age OR, (95% CI) Comments
Remafedi et. al (1998)	178 (M*) Homo/Bi Sexual	168 (M) Heterosexual Matched	28.1% vs. 4.2% RR: 6.8 Lifetime	Adolescent Health Survey Minnesota,1987 N = 36,254. Grades 7 to 12 Sexual Minority / Others = Self-Identification Males: OR = 7.1 (3.1, 16.5) Females: OR - 1.5 (0.81, 2.8) ns
Remafedi et. al (1998)	166 (F*) Homo/Bi Sexual	145 (F) Heterosexual Matched	20.5% vs. 14.5% RR: 1.4 ns. Lifetime
Garofalo et. al (1999)	129 (MF) GLBN	3,236 (MF) Heterosexual	31.0% vs. 9.1% RR: 3.4 In The Past 12 Months	*** YRBS Massachusetts, 1995. N = 3,365 - GLBN: Self-Identified as Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual or 'Not Sure' of Sexual Orientation: OR = 2.28 (1.4, 3.4) With Control Variables
	? (M) GLBN	? (M) Heterosexual	** 41.6% vs. 6.4% RR: 6.5 12 Months	OR = 3.74 (1.9, 7.3) With Control Variables Attempted Suicide: Past 12 Months
	? (F) GLBN	? (F) Heterosexual	** 27.1% vs. 13.4% RR: 2.0 Past 12 Months	OR = 1.42 (0.65, 3.1) ns With Control Variables Attempted Suicide: Past 12 Months
	? (MF) Same-Sex Sex, Ever	? (MF) No Same-Sex Sex, Ever	30.6% vs. 9.2% RR: 3.3 Past 12 Months	OR: Not Given Attempted Suicide: Past 12 Months
Bontempo & D'Augelli (2002)	196 (M) GBUS	4,416 (M) Heterosexual	20.4% vs. 1.2% RR: 17.0 Past 12 Month	1995 Massachusetts & Vermont: YRBSs, Combined: Grade 9 to 12. - Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Unsure Identity and/or Same-Sex Sex Reported: GLBUS. Attempted Suicide 4 or More Times In Past 12 Months Statistical Signicance for RRs: p < 0.001
Bontempo & D'Augelli (2002)	119 (F) LBUS	4,457 (F) Heterosexual	10.8% vs. 1.4% RR: 7.7 12 Months
Olshen et al. (2007) 8080 New York City High School Students > = 14 Years 51% Female, 40.1% Hispanic, 36.0% Black, 16.0% Asian/other, 7.9% white	(F) GLBU (All)	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: See Table Below For More Related Information. 3.7 (2.4-5.9)
	(F) GLBU (All)	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	2.45 (1.31-4.56) Model Controls with Associated ORs: Dating violence (1.6), Feeling sad or hopeless (3.6), Disordered eating (1.8), Unsafe at school (1.9), Physical fighting (1.6), Binge drinking (1.9).
	(M) GBU (All)	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	9.0 (5.3-15.3)
	(M) GBU (All)	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	3.44 (1.88-6.32) Model Controls with Associated ORs: Sexual assault (3.9), Feeling sad or hopeless (4.3), Disordered eating (2.6), Drug use (2.3), Carried a gun (4.3).
Farley et al. (2008)	GLBU (MF)	Heterosexual (MF)	31% vs. 8% Past 12 Months	New York City: 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey See More Results: Table Below. RR: 3.9
Other Studies	Sexual minority suicidality results from many other large scale adolescent surveys - especially Youth Risk Behavior Surveys - have been reported in non-peer-reviewed venues such as reports and web pages. Some of these results are given on another Web Page and show that, generally, sexual minority adolescents are at increasing risk for the more serious suicide behavior, compared to other adolescents. Summaries of suicidality results for adolescent school surveys are located here.
** Not Given. Estimated Made From Given Data. "RR" = Risk Ratio. "OR" = Odds Ratio All RRs or ORs are Statistically Significant, Except for "ns" = Not Statistically Significant. * M = Males - F = Females - *** YRBS = Youth Rsik Bhavior Survey

New York City 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Grades 9 to 12 Suicidality, Past Year: Non-Heterosexual vs. Heterosexual ¹
Categories / Variables	Heterosexual % Incidence	GLBU % Incidence	Risk Ratio ²
Seriously Considered Suicide	14%	37%	2.6
Planned Suicide	10%	29%	2.9
Atempted Suicide	8%	31%	3.9
Injured, Poisoned, or Overdosed in an Attempt	2%	9%	4.5
Data Source: Farley et al (2008) Results are reported to be similar in three New York City neighborhoods with high rates of illness and premature death: East and Central Harlem, Bedford-Stuyvesant and Bushwick, and the South Bronx. See Noyes et al. (2008). 1. Males & Females analysed together, but differences possible/expected. All 'Race' groups analyzed together, but differences possible/expected. All Non-Heterosexual Students (GLBU = Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Unsure) analyzed together, but differences are possible/expected. See result for NYC 2005 YRBS. 2. The counts are not given for populations or incidences. It is therefore not possible to calculate confidence intervals and statistical significance values. However, it can be assumed that differences are statiscally significant.

2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: New York City High Schools "Attempted Suicide" Risk: Same-Sex Sexual Orientation/Identity/Behavior vs. Others
Study	Sexual Minority	Others	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Grade - Age OR, (95% CI) Comments
Olshen et al. (2007) N = 8080 14 years and older 51% Female, 40.1% Hispanic, 36.0% black, 16.0% Asian/other, 7.9% white	(F) Gay/Lesbian	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	0.9 (0.3-2.6)
	(F) Bisexual	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	5.3 (2.9-9.8)
	(F) Unsure	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	2.4 (1.1-5.4)
	(F) GLBU (All)	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	3.7 (2.4-5.9)
	(F) GLBU (All)	(F) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	2.45 (1.31-4.56) Model Controls with Associated ORs: Dating violence (1.6), Feeling sad or hopeless (3.6), Disordered eating (1.8), Unsafe at school (1.9), Physical fighting (1.6), Binge drinking (1.9).
	(M) Gay	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	6.2 (1.7-22.7)
	(M) Bisexual	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	12.8 (6.5-25.3)
	(M) Unsure	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	6.8 (3.3-13.9)
	(M) GBU (All)	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	9.0 (5.3-15.3)
	(M) GBU (All)	(M) Heterosexual	? Past 12 Months	3.44 (1.88-6.32) Model Controls with Associated ORs: Sexual assault (3.9), Feeling sad or hopeless (4.3), Disordered eating (2.6), Drug use (2.3), Carried a gun (4.3).
Egan et al. (2007) N = 7,103	GB or Same-Sex Intercourse (M) Gay = 118 Bisexual = 101	Others (m) 3,538	-	Those who were missing behavior and identity were excluded (N=374). "Significant differences were found between groups in reported tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. Overall trends show that lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) youth were more likely to report ever using substances and increased alcohol use (days drank, binge drinking, age first used). Lesbian/bisexual girls and bisexual boys reported increased tobacco use (age first used, last 30-days, quantity). These data suggest that NYC LGB youth may face significantly greater risk for substance use than heterosexuals..."
Egan et al. (2007) N = 7,103	LB or Same-Sex Intercourse (F) Lesbian = 132 Bisexual = 290	Others 3,565	-
Pathela (2008)	See the Powerpoint Presentation for the associations between same-sex behavior and sexual identity and other sex related life events in the New York City 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. .
** Not Given. Estimate Made From Given Data. "RR" = Risk Ratio. "OR" = Odds Ratio All RRs or ORs are Statistically Significant, Except for "ns" = Not Statistically Significant. * M = Males - F = Females - *** YRBS = Youth Rsik Bhavior Survey

American Youth Risk Behavior Surveys: 2003 to 2007 Suicidality & Other Survey Results
Categories / Information Sources	Location, Year Sample Size	Attempted Suicide, Past Year, %		Related Information: Percentages For GLBU Odd Ratios (OR), 95% CI Other Related Suicidality Results
Categories / Information Sources	Location, Year Sample Size	Sexual Minority	Hetero- sexual
Benbow (2005) Sullivan & Valles (2006)	Chicago 2003 YRBS: 968 students in 23 public high schools. Grades 9-12	GLB ¹ 32% RR = 2.9 ²	Hetero- sexual 11%	GLB = 6.3%, 7.3% M, 4.7% F. ³ GLB = 7.3% Black, 5.8% Hispanic. 4.9% White. Same-Sex Sex = 2.3%, 1.6% M, 2.9% F. Depression: GLB vs. Heterosexual: 52% vs. 31%
Horn (2008) Horn (2007)	Chicago 2005 YRBS: 941 students in 23 public high schools. Grades 9-12	GL: 27.3% B: 33.3% RR: 3.6-4.4	Hetero- sexual 7.5%	GLB = 4.2%. Unsure = 2.5% - GLB or Same-Sex Sex = 8.8% - African Americans (52.6%), Latino (26.8%), White (9.5%), Asian (3.2%) and other (7.9%). Plan Suicide, Past year: 33.3% (GL), 35.0% (B) vs. 9.7% (Heterosexual). RR: 3.4-3.6
VDH (200_) Outright Vermont (200_) VDH (2006)	Vermont 2005 YRBS: 9,207-9,214 students replied to sexual orientation questions. All Students Surveyed: 9,342 from High / Middle Schools	Same-Sex Sex: 42% GL: 32% B: 31% Unsure: 18% RR: 3.6-6.4	Opposite- Sex Sex: 9% Hetero- sexual: 5%	Results Not Weighted. GL = 1.0%, B = 3.2%, Unsure = 3.0%, Same-Sex Sex = 2.6% Same-Sex-Sex. Females: Only With Females (0%), With Males & Females (2%). Males: Only With Males (0%), With Males & Females (1%). Results for many more "At Risk" behaviors are given in referenced document. Total Survey: 31,617 eighth to twelfth grade students in 146 schools representing 59 supervisory unions.
Outright Vermont (200_) VDH (2008)	Vermont 2007 YRBS: 8,364 students: replied to sexual orientation questions. High / Middle Schools. Census for Vermont: 95.3% White, non Hispanic.	GL: 27% B: 11% Unsure: 15%, RR: 2.8-6.8	Hetero- sexual 4%	All: GL = 1.1%, B = 3.4%, Unsure = 2.8% Males: GL = 1%, B = 2%, Unsure = 2% Females: L = 1%, B = 5%, Unsure = 3% Same-Sex-Sex. Females: Only With Females (1%), With Males & Females (3%). Males: Only With Males (1%), With Males & Females (2%). Total Survey: 28,918 eighth to twelfth grade students in 144 schools representing 60 supervisory unions.
MCGLBTY (2003)	Massachusetts 2003 YRBS: 3,624 Students, Grade 9 - 12	GLB 40.4% RR: 7.2 p < 0.05	Hetero- sexual 7.2%	GLB = 3.5%. GLB or had Same-Sex Sex = 6.0% Attempted Suicide, Required Medical Attention: 18.3% vs. 2.2%, RR: 8.3, p < 0.05
MCGLBTY (2005)	Massachusetts 2005 YRBS: 3,522 Students, Grede 9 - 12	GLB 24.8% RR: 4.4 p < 0.05	Hetero- sexual 5.7%	GLB = 3.7%. GLB or Had Same-Sex Sex = 6.4% Attempted Suicide, Required Medical Attention: 8.2% vs. 2.2%, RR: 3.7, p < 0.05
MCGLBTY (2007) MDESE (2008)	Massachusetts 2007 YRBS: 3,131 Students, Grede 9 - 12	GLB 29.1% RR: 4.5 p < 0.05	Hetero- sexual 6.4%	GLB = 5.4%. GLB or Had Same-Sex Sex = 9.2% Attempted Suicide, Required Medical Attention: 12.1% vs. 2.2%, RR: 5.5, p < 0.05 White (72.8%), Hispanic/Latino (14.5%), African American (6.8%), Asian (3.1%), Others (2.9%).
Boulder County Public Health (2005)	Boulder, St. Vrain School Districts: 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. 1,960 Students Grade 9 - 12	GLBU 44.0% RR: 3.3	Hetero- sexual 13.5%	5.6% GLBU Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual + Unsure. White (81.2, 74.3%), Hispanic/Latino (10.9, 21.6%), Asian (5.4, 2.6%), Black (1.8, 0.9%), Native American (0.7. 0.7%).
Boulder County Public Health (2006)	Boulder, St. Vrain School Districts: 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. 2,956 Students Grade 9 - 12	GLBU 23.6% RR: 3.7	Hetero- sexual 6.3%	0.07% Gay/Lesbian, 3.6% Bisexual, 2.2% Unsure. White (72.1%), Hispanic/Latino (17.3%), Asian (4.1%), Black (1.6%), Native American (1.3%). Seriously consider suicide: 45.9% (GLBU) vs. 15.0% (Heterosexual), RR: 3.1
Boulder County Public Health (2008)	Boulder, St. Vrain School Districts: 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. 2,106 Students Grade 9 - 12	GLBU 28.1% RR: 2.2	Hetero- sexual 12.5%	89.0% Heterosexual, 1.5% Gay/Lesbian, 3.7% Bisexual, 2.3% Unsure, 2.3% None of The Above. White (74.0%), Other ? (13.5%), Others ? Seriously consider suicide: 49.7% (GLBU) vs. 14.1% (Heterosexual), RR: 3.5
Rhode Island 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Tremblay (2009) ⁴ Note: Percentages Given Are Weighted Basic Results RIDHESE (2009): At Risk for 27 of 30 "At Risk" Behaviors	All Students Heterosexual: 1,570 GLBU: 127, Raw Counts	GLBU 33.8% RR: 4.8	Hetero- sexual 7.1%	GLBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 4.4<6.3<9.1, p < 0.000, Weighted All Students: GL (1.9%), B (5.4%), U (2.7%) White (71.0%), Hispanic / Latino (16.7%), African American (8.7%), Asian (1.0%), American Indian (0.3%). Hawaiian/PI (0.3). Multiracial (2.1%)
	All Males Heterosexual: 761 GBU: 55, Raw Counts	GBU 26.2% RR: 4.2	Hetero- sexual 6.2%	GBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 2.9<5.4<9.9, p < 0.000, Weighted All Males: G (2.5%), B (3.0%), U (2.4%)
	All White Males Heterosexual: 493 GBU: 26, Raw Counts	GBU 22.6% RR: 5.4	Hetero- sexual 4.2%	GBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 2.7<6.6<16.3, p < 0.000, Weighted. White Males: G (1.7%), B (2.2%), U (2.7%)
	All Other Males Heterosexual: 268 GBU: 29, Raw Counts	GBU 31.0% RR: 2.8	Hetero- sexual 11.0%	GBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 1.7<3.6<7.9, p < 0.000, Weighted. All Other Males = 96.3% Males Of Color. Males of Color: G (4.4%), B (4.5%), U (1.2%)
	All Females Heterosexual: 806 LBU: 71, Raw Counts	LBU 33.8% RR: 4.8	Hetero- sexual 7.1%	LBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 4.2<6.7<10.7, p < 0.000, Weighted All Females: L (1.1%), B (7.7%), U (3.0%)
	All White Females Heterosexual: 532 LBU: 45, Raw Counts	LBU 36.9% RR: 7.1	Hetero- sexual 5.2%	LBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 5.8<10.6<19.5, p < 0.000, Weighted White Females: L (1.0%), B (7.8%), U (2.9%)
	All Other Females Heterosexual: 274 LBU: 26, Raw Counts	LBU 25.6% RR: 2.2	Hetero- sexual 12.1%	LBU vs. Heterosexual Counterpart, OR: 1.1<2.5<5.6, p = 0.022, Weighted. All Other Females = 94.4% Females Of Color. Females of Color: L (1.5%), B (7.0%), U (3.0%).
DCPS (2008)	Washington DC 2007 Youth Risk Behavior. Survey. 1,783 Students: 1,532 replied to sexual orientation question. 1,523 replied to same-sex sex question.	GLB 32.6% RR: 3.8%	Hetero- sexual 8.6%	Males: G (3.0%), B (4.1%), Not Sure (3.0%). Females: L (3.6%), B (6.3%), Not Sure (3.3%). Results likely weighted. Raw Counts given and give slightly different percentage results. Females report same-sex sex with females only (5.2%) and Males/Females (3.6%). Males report lifetime same-sex sex with Males only (4.9%) and Males/Females (2.0%). Demographics: African American (82.0%), Hispanic/Latino (10.8), White (5.4%), Asian/PI (1.6%), Others (0.2%)
WDPI (2008) Crabe (2008) GSASS (2009)	Wisconsin 2007 Youth Risk Behavior. Survey. 2,094 Students Grade 9 - 12, 56 Schools	Same-Sex Sex, Lifetime RR: 3.7	?	Females report lifetime same-sex sex with females only (1.6%) and Males/Females (5.4%). Males report lifetime same-sex sex with males only (2.0%) and Males/Females (1.6%). Greater risk for having attempted suicide in the past year is reported to be 3.7-times, but comparison group not stated. Could be "all others" or "only those who reported lifetime opposite-sex". Census: White, non Hispanic (85.4%), African American (6.0%), Hispanic / Latino (4.9%), Other (3.7%).
SFUSD (2008) ETRA (2008b) ETRA (2008a)	San Francisco 2007 Youth Risk Behavior. Survey. 2,587 Students Grade 9 - 12, 14 Schools	GLB 16% RR: 3.3	Hetero- sexual 5%	LGBQ (11%): Males (10%), Females (13%). Gay/ Lesbian (1.8%), Bisexual (3.7%), Not Sure (5.8%). Transgender Demographics: All (1%), American Indian (20%), Hawaiian/PI (4%), Multiracial (4%), African American (3%), Chinese (1%), Filipino (1%), Other Asian (2%), Hispanic / Latino (0.4%), White (2%). School Demographics: Chinese (36%), Hispanic/Latino (19%), African American (12%), Filipino (6%), Other Non-White (13%), Multiracial (2%), White (9%).
1. GLBUQ = Gay, lesbian, Bisexual, Unsure, Questioning. - 2. Risk Ratio. - 3. M = Males - F = Females 4. The Online Statistical Result Generator did not permit generating results for students of color: those who had specified their non-white 'race' or 'ethnicity'. Results were therefore generated for "All Other Students," meaning those not reporting to be white and those who did not specify their 'race' or 'ethnicity'. However, the majority in this category (> 94%) self-identified with a non-white 'race' or 'ethnicity'.

Adolescent Public School Surveys: Random / Near-Random "Attempted Suicide" Risk: Same-Sex Sexual Behavior, Sexual Fantasies or Romantic Attraction vs. Opposite-Sex Behavior, Attraction, Fantasies
Study	Sexual Minority	Others	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Grade - Age OR, (95% CI) Comments
Eisenberg & Resnick (2006)	402 (M*) Same-Sex Partners	1,135 (M) Only Opposite Sex Partners	29.0% vs. 12.6% RR: 2.3 Lifetime	2004 Minnesota Student Survey N = 21, 927. Grades 9 & 12 Sex Partners: In The Past Year Males: OR = 2.5 (2.1, 3.0) Females: OR = 2.6 (2.2, 3.2) ORs: Controlling for Demography
Eisenberg & Resnick (2006)	409 (F*) Same-Sex Partners	2,559 (F) Only Opposite Sex Partners	52.4% vs. 24.8% RR: 2.1 Lifetime
Pinhey & Millman (2004)	? 24 (M) Gay, Bisexual	? 650 (M)	? 44.0% vs. ? 14.5%	2001Guam Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS): Grade 9 to 12, 2.9% White Males, OR = 5.0 (2.1, 11.8) Females, OR = 2.6 (1.2, 6.0) Unadjusted ORs: No Controls Other Results & Estimate (?) Problems
Pinhey & Millman (2004)	? 25 (F) Lesbian, Bisexual	? 682 (M)	? 52.0% vs. ? 27.4%
Robin et al. (2002)	585 (MF) Same-Sex Partners, Ever	6,873 (MF) Opposite Sex Partner, Only	** 32.0% vs. 11.9% RR: 2.7 12 Months	1995 & 1997 Vermont YRBSs, Combined: Grade 9 to 12 OR = 4.0 (2.9, 5.6), With Controls
	228 (MF) Same-Sex Partners, Ever	3,948 (MF) Opposite Sex Partner, Only	** 36.5% vs. 12.4% - RR: 2.9 12 Months	1995 & 1997 Massachusetts YRBSs, Combined: Grade 9 to 12 OR = 4.9 (2.8, 8.7), With Controls
	585 (MF) Same-Sex Partners, Ever	6,873 (MF) Opposite Sex Partner, Only	** 17.8% vs. 4.5% - RR: 3.9 Medical Care	Attempted Suicide Resulting in Having Received Medical Care Past 12 Months (Vermont) OR = 4.8 (2.9, 8.0), With Controls
	228 (MF) Same-Sex Partners, Ever	3,948 (MF) Opposite Sex Partner, Only	** 20.5% vs. 4.5% - RR: 4.6 Medical Care	Attempted Suicide Resulting in Having Received Medical Care Past 12 Months (Massachusetts) OR = 5.0 (2.7, 9.3), With Controls
Russell & Joyner (2001)	453 (M) Same-Sex RA/Re	5,233 (M)	5.0% vs. 2.0% RR: 2.5 12 Months	National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (1994-95) Same-Sex RA (Romantic Attraction) /Re (Relationships) Males - OR = 2.45 (1.5, 3.9) Females - OR = 2.48 (1.7, 3.6) ORs: Controlling for Demography
Russell & Joyner (2001)	414 (F) Same-Sex RA/Re	5,840 (F)	12.2% vs. 5.0% RR: 2.4 12 Months
Faulkner & Cranston (1998)	105 (MF) Same-Sex Partners, Ever	1,563 (MF) Opposite Sex Partner, Only	27.5% vs. 13.4% RR: 2.0	1993 Massachusetts YRBS: Grade 9 to 12 - RR's Are Significant, p < 0.05 All Suicide Attempts & Attempt(s) With Associated Medical Care Occurred During The Last 12 Months
Faulkner & Cranston (1998)	105 (MF) Same-Sex Partners, Ever	1,563 (MF) Opposite Sex Partner, Only	20.0% vs. 4.7% RR: 4.3 - Medical Care Related
Barney (2003)	65 (M) Same-Sex Sex Fantasies Obnly	4,254 (M) Opposite-Sex Sex Fantasies Only	23.2% vs. 11.1% RR: 2.1	1988 Adolescent Health Survey: Grade 7 to 12 -USA Indian/Alaka Native Reservations. RR: p < 0.01 Additional Results
Other Studies	Sexual minority suicidality results from many other large scale adolescent surveys - especially Youth Risk Behavior Surveys - have been reported in non-peer-reviewed venues such as reports and web pages. Some of these results are given on another Web Page and show that, generally, sexual minority adolescents are at increasing risk for the more serious suicide behavior, compared to other adolescents. Summaries of suicidality results for adolescent school surveys are located here.
** Not Given. Estimate Made From Given Data. "RR" = Risk Ratio. "OR" = Odds Ratio All RRs or ORs are Statistically Significant, Except for "ns" = Not Statistically Significant. * M = Males - F = Females

2001 Guam Youth Risk Behavior Survey Suicidality Results Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual vs. Other Adolescents Pinhey & Millman (2004) Study
Categories	N's All	N's ¹ Respon- ders	Attempted Suicide	Odds Ratios, (95%CI) Unadjusted / Adjusted
All (Ethnicities)	1,381	?	?
All Males	674	?	14.5%
Males: Gay & Bisexual	24 ²	?	44.0% ³	Greater Risk for Attempting Suicide: Gay/Bisexual Males vs. Other Males OR = 2.45 (1.5, 3.9), No Controls OR = 5.1 (1.6, 15.5), 8 Control Variables
Males, Others	650 ²	?	14.5% ³
All Females	707 ²	?	28.2%
Females: Lesbian & Bisexual	25 ²	?	52.0% ³	Greater Risk for Attempting Suicide: Lesbian & Bisexual Females vs. Other Females OR = 2.48 (1.7, 3.6), No Controls OR = 2.2 (0.84, 5.6), 8 Control Variables, ns
Females, Others	682 ²	?	27.4% ³
1. The number for students who responded to both the "sexual orientation" and "attempted suicide" questions are not given. 2. Estimated from given proportion of student population that gay/bisexual (3.5% of males) and lesbian/bisexual (3.5% of females). Nonresponders likely and numbers may be less. 3. Estimated using given Ns (assuming no nonresponders) for population/subpopulation and numbers of attempters by using a a 2X2 Computation Table. That is, placing varying number estimates in 2X2 table to produce ORs for males and females (Attempted Suicide Risk, Sexual Minority vs. others, for each sex) that are as close as possible to the given ORs, without controls having been used to generate them. Ethnicity: 'Self-reported ethnicity consists of Chamorros (53.3% of the sample), Filipinos (25.9%), Asians (5.9%), Micronesians (7.2%), whites (2.9%), and other ethnicities (4.8%). The Asian category includes Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Korean respondents. The Micronesian category includes Chuukese, Yapese, Korean, Pohnpeian, and Palauan respondents. The ‘‘other ethnicity’’ category includes African Americans, Hispanics, and other Pacific Islanders.' (Pinhey & Brown, 2005)

1988 Adolescent Health Survey: Grade 7 to 12 USA Indian / Alaska Native Reservations
Sexual Fantasies	Opposite- Sex Only	Same-Sex Only	Both- Sex
Lifetime Attempted Suicide Incidence, Males	11.7% (n = 515)	25.0% (n = 17)	10.9% (n = 21)
Lifetime Attempted Suicide. Incidence, Females	25.2% (n = 925)	15.1% (n = 14)	16.8% (n = 83)
Data Supplied by Borowski et al. (1999). Analysis for Same- vs. Opposite Sex Fantasies Males carried out by Barney (2003) who gives the "Sexual Fantasiy" question: “When you think or daydream about sex, do you think about males, females, or both?” Note: Bisexual males not at risk. Homosexual/Bisexual Females at l;esser Risk than Heterosexual Femnales. But replication studies never carried out since 1988.

"Attempted Suicide" Risk: Random Samples, North America Homosexually vs. Heterosexually Oriented Adults
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Bagley & Tremblay (1997)	82 (M*) Homosexual, or Bisexual or Same-Sex Sex, Past 6 Months	668 (M) Heterosexual, With No Same-Sex Sex, Past 6 Months	6.1% (5 / 82) vs. 0.45% (3 / 668) Lifetime	Calgary, Alberta, Canada Stratified Random Sample: 1992 Lifetime Attempted Suicide (Serious) Males, 18 to 27 years OR = 14.4 (3.4, 61.4)
Cochran & Mays (2000)	78 (M) Reporting Lifetime Male Sex Partner(s)	3,214 (M) Reporting Only Lifetime Female Sex Parters	19.3% vs. 3.6% (Weighted) Lifetime	USA: NHANES III Survey: 1988/94 Complex, multistage USA sample, civilian noninstitutionalized population. Subsample: Men, 17 to 39 Years OR = 6.45 (2.7, 15.2) OR = 5.36 (2.2, 13.0), With Demographic Control Variables
Gilman et al. (2001)	74 (M) Reporting Male Sex Partner(s) Past 5 Years	2,310 (M) Reporting Only Female Sex Partner(s) Past 5 Years	(Weighted) Lifetime	National Comorbidity Survey: 1992 Complex, multistage USA sample. Age = 15 to 54 Years. OR = 2.4 (1.0, 5.8), With Demographic Control Variables
Gilman et al. (2001)	51 (F*) Reporting Female Sex Partner(s) Past 5 Years	2,475 (F) Reporting Only Male Sex Partner(s) Past 5 Years	(Weighted) Lifetime	National Comorbidity Survey: 1992 Complex, multistage USA sample. Age = 15 to 54 Years. OR = 1.5 (0.7, 3.4), With Demographic Control Variables
Paul et al. (2002) Additional Results	2,881 (M*) 93% Mostly Gay, Homosexual or Bisexual Identified MSM: Men Who Have Sex With Men	None	12%: Lifetime 8%: Before Age of 25 Years	Random (Telephone): New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco. Age Range: 18 to 70+ Years 75% of males first attempted suicide before the age of 25 years.
Cochran et al. (2007) N = 4,649 > = 18 Years Latino & Asian. National Household NLAAS Survey	84 (M): GB Identified or Same-Sex Sex, Past year	1,982	8.0% vs 2.3% Lifetime RR = 3.5	0.86<3.37<13.21 Weighted, With Controls, ns
	84 (M)	1,982	2.4% vs 0.3 Past Year RR = 8	1.63<6.43<25.36 Weighted, With Controls
	161 (F) LB Identified or Same-Sex Sex, Past year	2,271	8.5% vs. 5.2% Lifetime RR = 1.6	0.79<1.71<3.71 Weighted, With Controls, ns
	161 (F)	2,271	2.4 vs. 0.6 Past Year RR = 4	0.84<4.98<29.33 Weighted, With Controls, ns
Silenzio et al. (2007)	GLB 176 (M) 271 (F)	Heterosexual & Mostly Heterosexual Identified 6,535 (M) 7,207 (F)	4.9% vs. 1.6% Past Year	National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health: 14,322 (MF). GLB = bisexual, mostly homosexual, or exclusively homosexual identified. Age = 18 to 26 years. Attempted suicide in the past 12 months. OR: 1.4<3.0<6.2, controlling for race, gender, and age.
* M = Males - F = Females -- ** RR = Risk Ratio, Estimated - "ns" = Not Statistically Significant

The Urban Men’s Health Study: 1996-98 Random Sample - MSM Suicidality - Paul et al. (2002)
MSM: Men Who Have Sex With Men (Since Age 14) or Identified as Gay / Bisexual			Total Sample, N = 2881 Age: 18 to 70+ Years			Suicide Attempters n = 326
Variables	Frequency	n¹	Suicide Plan	Attempted Suicide	²Before Age 25?	⁴Mean Number	³Mean Age
All Males	100%	2,678	21%	12%	8%	2.1	22.6
White	79%	2,138	21%	11%	8%	2.1	23.7
African- American	4%	117	21%	12%	8%	2.3	18.9
Hispanic / Latino	9%	245	20%	10%	9%	2.2	18.9
Asian/Pacific Islander	4%	102	21%	11%	8%	2.4	20.0
Native American	3%	76	33%	30%	25%	2.8	18.2
Significance^₅	-	-	ns	0.006	0.0002	ns	0.06
RR, Statistical Significance⁶	-	-	1.6 0.02	2.7 0.0000	3.1 0.0000	?	Likely Significant
1. The counts (n's) are not given in the paper but they are given by Mills et al. (2004) and would be an approximation. Therefore, all "n's" given in table are estimates. - 2. For having attempted suicide. - 3. For suicide attempts. - 4. For first suicide attempt. - 5. Significance for the suicidality variable and all 'race' groups. 6. - RR = Risk Ratio: Greater risk for Native American males, compared to White males. Significance for 2X2 RRs calculated from estimated n's.Statistically significant is: < 0.05

"Attempted Suicide" Risks: Random Samples, Europe Homosexually vs. Heterosexually Oriented Youth/Adults
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Wichstrom & Hegna (2003) Additional Results	6.5% (MF*) 7.0%(F) 5.7% (M) Same-Sex Sexual Contact, Ever	93.5% No Same-Sex Sexual Contact, Ever	15.4% vs. 3.6% Lifetime RR: 4.3	Random Survey: Longitudinal 108 Attempters = 4.4%, N = 2,460 (In Regression Model) OR = 4.7 (3.1, 7.3), No Controls. OR = 4.3 (2.1, 5.6), With 6 Controls Variables
de Graaf et al. (2006)	82 (M) Reporting Male Sex Partner(s) Past Year	2,796 (M) Reporting Only Female Sex Partner(s) Past Year	14.6% vs. 1.6% ** RR: 9.1 Lifetime	Netherlands' NEMESIS Study Age = 18 to 64 Years OR = 10.23 (5.2–20.2) Control = Age OR = 5.57 (2.6–12.0) Controls = Age, Mental Disorders
de Graaf et al. (2006)	43 (F) Reporting Female Sex Partner(s) Past Year	3,077 (F) Reporting Only Male Sex Partner(s) Past Year	4.4% vs. 3.1% RR: 1.3 ns Lifetime	Netherlands' NEMESIS Study Age = 18 to 64 Years OR = 1.52 (0.36–6.4) ns Control = Age OR = 0.96 (0.22–4.3) ns Controls = Age, Mental Disorders
Lhomond & Saurel- Cubizolles (2006)	78 (F*) Reporting Lifetime Female Sex Partner(s)	6,332 (F) Reporting Only Lifetime Male Sex Partner(s)	25.2% vs. 6.6% Lifetime RR: 3.8	The Enveff (Enquête nationale sur la violence envers les femmes en France, National Survey on Violence against Women in France) Survey. ORs From: 4.8 (2.8–8.1) to 2.2 (1.2–4.0) With Demographic Control Variable to All Possible Controls Variables.
			7.5% (7 / 78) vs. 0.3% (19 / 6,332) Past Year RR: 25.0	Attempted Suicide in the Past Year: OR = 32.8 (13.4, 80.4) Multiple Suicide Attempts, Lifetime: OR = 5.9 (3.1, 11.4) Note: Counts Estimated From Given Percentages. ORs are Estimates. Non-responders Likely. No Control Variables.
			14.8% (11 / 78) vs. 2.7% (171 / 6332) Life, Multiple Attempts RR: 5.5
L’enquête Baromètre santé 2005 de l’INPES Results given in: MSJSVA (2008)	2.9% (M) 1.5% Homo-Sex & 1.4 Bi-Sex n = 245??	Yes	10.0% vs. 3.0% RR: 3.3 Lifetime	16,883 Men & Women, Age Range = 15 to 75 Years Elsewhere, total number said to be 30,514 for age range 12-75 years (Site) Note: It would be important to know the distribution of GLB individuals and suicide attempters over the age range. For example, what would be the results in the 15 to 40 years of age category? GLB: deternined on the basis of having been sexually active with at least one member of the same sex, in the past year. GLB Demographic Summary. The Questionnaire
	1.4% (F) 0.6% Homo-Sex & 0.8% Bi-Sex n = 118??	Yes	10.5% vs 5.9% RR: 1.8 ns Lifetime
L’enquête Baromètre santé 2005 de l’INPES Results Unknown For Youth	Males	Yes	?? Lifetime, and in the Past 12 Months	15-25 Years: Les Jeunes: The Questionnaire. Some Reports are Done Separately For These Regions and are avaiable online: Nord–Pas-de-Calais, Picardie, Pays de la Loire, Champagne-Ardenne, Lorraine, Poitou-Charentes, and L'Ile-de-France. Maybe Others? Data Sets could be grouped and the likely greater suicidality risks for homosexually oriented youth could likely be determined. Example: Westermann (2007), for Nord-Pas-de-Calais, N = 1,466, 5% of males had homo-sex in the past year (n = approx. 35), and 2% of females (n = approx 14). Blais et al. (2006), Pays de la Loire, N = 1,517, 4% of males had homo-sex in the past year (n = approx. 35), and 2% of females (n = approx. 15). A subsample of 100 is sufficient to so a suicidality analysis and more than 100 homo-sex males would be available if the data sets are integrated.
	Females	Yes	?? Lifetime, and in the Past 12 Months
FHI Rapport (2005)	(M)	(M)	See Tabled Results: 2005 National Public Health Survey, Sweden: Sexual Orientation & Transgender Related Suicidality. Results for Males & Females in Four Age Categories.
FHI Rapport (2005)	(F)	(F)
Hawton et al. (2002)	82 Males: Worries about SO ***	2,973 Males: No Worries About SO (Sexual Orientation)	11.0% vs. 3.0%	Representative Sample (N = 6,020): 16- to 17-Year-Old Secondary school Students Living in England. Data Collected in 2000-01. Lifetime Prevalence of Self-Harm: Boys (6.9%), Girls (19.9%) Greater Risk for Lifetime Self-Harm for Those Reporting Sexual Orientation Worries in Bivariate Analysis: OR, Boys: 2.0<4.0<8.3 OR, Girls: 1.6<2.7<4.3 No Contol Variables. Not Significant in Multivariate Analysis
Hawton et al. (2002)	101 Females: Worries about SO ***	2,590 Females: No Worries About SO (Sexual Orientation)	23.8% vs. 10.5%
O'Connor et al. (2009)	Males: Worries about SO ***	Males: No Worries About SO (Sexual Orientation)	?? Deliberate Self-Harm	Representative Sample (N = 2,008): 16- to 17-Year-Old Secondary school Students Living in Glasgow, Scotland. Data Collected in 2006-07. Lifetime Prevalence of Self-Harm: Boys (6.9%), Girls (19.9%) Greater Risk for Lifetime Self-Harm for Those Reporting Sexual Orientation Worries in Multivariate Analysis: OR, Boys: 1.5<3.8<9.5 OR, Girls: 1.3<2.6<5.2 Using about 9 Contol Variables. Bivariate ORs: Not Given
O'Connor et al. (2009)	Females: Worries about SO ***	Females: No Worries About SO (Sexual Orientation)	?? Deliberate Self-Harm
* M = Males - F = Females -- RR = Risk Ratio, Estimated - "ns" = Not Statistically Significant * Somewhat of a proxy for having a homosexual orientation. SO: Sexual Orientation.

Youth "Attempted Suicide" Risks: Norway Homosexually Oriented Youth
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Wichstrom & Hegna (2003)	6.5% (MF*) 7.0%(F) 5.7% (M) Same-Sex Sexual Contact, Ever	93.5% No Same-Sex Sexual Contact, Ever	15.4% vs. 3.6% Lifetime RR: 4.3	108 Attempters = 4.4%, N = 2,460 (In Regression Model) OR = 4.7 (3.1, 7.3), No Controls. OR = 4.3 (2.1, 5.6), With 6 Controls Variables
	20.9% (F) 8.6% (M) Some Same -Sex Sexual Attraction	--	9.1% vs. 3.6% Lifetime RR: 2.5	ORs not Generated
	13.5% (F) 8.9% (M) Some GLB Identity	--	9.1% vs.3.6% Lifetime RR: 2.5	ORs not Generated
	7.0% (F) Same-Sex Sexual Contact, Ever	93.0% No Same-Sex Sexual Contact, Ever	19.4% vs. 4.2% From T-2 to T-3 ** RR: 4.6	N = 1,327 Females *** Predicting Suicide Attempt from 1994 to 1999: OR = 5.9 (3.2, 10.8), No Controls. OR = 5.0 (2.3, 10.6), 3 Controls
* M = Males - F = Females Longitudinal Study, 3 Questionnaires from T-1 to T3: 1992 (T-1): 12,287 students, Grades 7 - 12. - 1994 (T-2): 9,679 students, Grade 9 - 12+. - 1999 (T-3): 2,924 Youth.. - Mean Ages: 14.9 years (SD: 1.7, T-1) to 16.5 years (SD: 1.9, T-2) to 22.1 years (SD: 1.9, T-3). * No Homo-Sex male suicide attempters from 1994 to 1999. Comparing the N's in both regression models reveals that there are only about 1,133 males (2460 - 1,327) available for analysis. Responders to "Attempted Suicide" and "Same-Sex Sex" questions: Males = 1,239; Females = 1,567: Total = 2,806, but the numbers are lower in regression analyses due to non-responses to other variables: 1,133 and 1,327 (Total = 2,460), respectively. Is An Estimate of the Percentage of Suicide Attempters Who are Homo-Sex Males Possible? Maybe not possible to calculate given the data supplied by the authors. Males & Females Reporting Homo-Sex, Ever: 2,806 X 6.5% = 182. For Females: 1,567 X 7.0% = 109.7 = 100. For Males: 1,239 X 5.7% = 70.6 = 71. Homo-Sex Males & Females Who Attempted Suicide: 182 X 15.4% = 28 Suicide Attempters. Homo-Sex Females Who Attempted Suicide from T-2 to T-3: 110 X 19.4% = 21 Suicide Attempters. This would mean that only a maximum of 7 Homo-Sex male suicide attempters could exist up to T-2, the number likely being less. Furthermore, it would seem that the great majority of Homo-Sex females who attempted suicide between T-2 and T-3 (All? Almost All?) are repeat suicide attempters. Assuming "All", this would mean that there are 7 Homo-Sex male suicide attempters, for an "Attempted Suicide" Incidence of 9.9% (7 / 71), all having occurred up to T-2. Unfortunately, the authors did not report any "Attempted Suicide" results specific to Homo-Sex males, other males, or all males up to T-2. The lifetime "Attempted Suicide" incidence for males is 2.2%; 1.6% for Non-Homo-Sex males from T-2 to T-3.

2005 National Public Health Survey, Sweden Sexual Orientation & Transgender Related Suicidality
Categories	Attempted Suicide, Ever % - Suicidal Thoughts, Ever [%]
	Transgender * n = 374	Males **		Females **
	Transgender * n = 374	Homo-Bi	Others	Homo/Bi	Others
16 - 29 Years	27% n = ?	11% [47%] n = ?	4% [14%] n = ?	21% [53%] n = ?	8% [21%] n = ?
30 - 44 Years	28% n = ?	3% [30%] n = ?	3% [12%] n = ?	8% [17%] n = ?	5% [14%] n = ?
45 - 54 Year	12% n = ?	16% [21%] n = ?	3% [9%] n = ?	11% [25%] n = ?	5% [13%] n = ?
54 - 64 Years	21% n = ?	11% [33%] n = ?	4% [12%] n = ?	12% [27%] n = ?	6% [16%] n = ?
* Web Survey Data: Reported in National Public Health Survey, 2005. - ** National Public Health Survey, 2005. It 'appears" like 1,028 persons did not answer the "sexual orientation" question, and were removed from the analysis. The same applies for those "not sure" of their sexual oreintation. The final sample - 29,190 persons: '648 persons (2 percent) indicated that they were not exclusively heterosexual. The largest group among those who were not exclusively heterosexual were heterosexual with some homosexual elements (here called "hetero-homo") (304 persons) followed bisexual (221 persons), homosexuals (99 persons) and homosexuals with some heterosexual elements (here called "homo hetero") (24 persons)'.

"Attempted Suicide" Risks: Special Population Samples Homosexually vs. Heterosexually Oriented Adults
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Herrell et al. (1999)	103 (M*) Reporting Same-Sex Partner(s) Since Age 18	103 (M) Not Reporting Same-Sex Partner(s) Since Age 18	14.7% vs 3.0% Lifetime **RR: 4.9	USA: Vietnam Era Twin Registry 103 Twin Pairs, Discordant for Sexual Orientation OR = 6.5 (1.5, 28.8) More Related Information
Herrell et al. (1999)	119 (M) Reporting Same-Sex Partner(s) Since Age 18	6,537 (M) Not Reporting Same-Sex Partner(s) Since Age 18	15.2% vs. 2.2% Lifetime RR: 6.9	USA: Vietnam Era Twin Registry N = 6,656 All Homosexual vs. All Heterosexual OR = 7.9 (4.6, 13.4) Calculated From Estimated Counts
Fergusson et al. (1999)	29 (MF*) Gay, Lesbian or Bisexual Identified	979 (MF) Heterosexual Identified	32.1% (9 / 29) vs. 7.1% (69 / 979) RR: 4.5	Christchurch, New Zealand: Birth Cohort: At Age 21 Years Attempted Suicide: Age 14 - 21 Years OR = 6.2 (2.7, 14.3)
Skegg et al. (2003)	427 (M) Reporting Any Same-Sex Sexual Attraction	53 (M) Reporting Only Opposite- Sex Sexual Attraction	17.0% (9 / 53) vs. 6.1% (26 / 427) RR: 2.3	Christchurch, New Zealand: Birth Cohort: At Age 26 Years Attempted Suicide: Lifetime OR = 3.2 (1.4, 7.2) (With Control Variables)
Skegg et al. (2003)	119 (F) Reporting Any Same-Sex Sexual Attraction	343 (F) Reporting Only Opposite- Sex Sexual Attraction	12.6% (15 / 119) vs. 9.3% (32 / 343) RR: 1.3	Christchurch, New Zealand: Birth Cohort: At Age 26 Years Attempted Suicide: Lifetime OR = 1.4 (0.7, 2.7) ns (With Control Variables)
Fergusson et al. (2005)	Christchurch, New Zealand: Birth Cohort: At Age 26 Years Attempted Suicide From age 21-25 Years. See Below.
O'Donnell et al. (2004)	31 (MF) Same-Sex Sex, Past Year	848 (MF) No Same-Sex Sex, Past Year	? % vs. ? % Males: 7.3% Females: 13%	Longitudinal School Based Survey (USA): Grade 8 to Grade 11: 42.1% Male 68.6% African American, 16.5% Hispanic/Latino, 6.8% Black/Hispanic 2.7 (1.8, 6.6), with 9 Controls
Fergusson et al. (2005)	Christchurch, New Zealand: Birth Cohort: At Age 26 Years Attempted Suicide From age 21-25 Years. See Table Below.
McNair et al. (2005)	8.6%, n = 801 Mainly Heterosexual to Lesbian	91.4%, n = 8,482 Exclusively Heterosexual	Self-Harm / Attempted Suicide Past 6 Months 11.1 - 17.3% vs. 2.7%	Australian ALSWH Cohort Young Women in 2000 ORs: 4.3 to 8.0 (3 Control Variables) ORs: 3.1 to 5.3 (6 Control variables) Detailed Results: Table Below.
McNair et al. (2005)	2.5% n = 261 Mainly Heterosexual to Lesbian	97.5% n = 10,035 Exclusively Heterosexual	Self-Harm / Attempted Suicide Past 6 Months 2.0 - 16.1% vs. 0.8%	Australian ALSWH Cohort Mid-Life Women in 2001 ORs: 2.3 to 24.3 (3 Control Variables) ORs: 21. to 24.6 (6 Control variables) Detailed Results: Table Below.
* M = Males - F = Females -- ** RR = Risk Ratio, Estimated - "ns" = Not Statistically Significant

Christchurch, New Zealand: Birth Cohort: At Age 26 Years Attempted Suicide From Age 21 to 25 Years by Sexual Orientation (Latent Class Determination) Fergusson et al. (2005)
Heterosexual	Predominantly Heterosexual	Predominantly Homosexual	p	Risk Ratio^* Ods Ratio
Males, N = 469
93.7%, n = 439	4.8%, n = 23	1.5%, n = 7
1.6%, n = 7	0.0%, n = 0	28.6%, n = 2	<0.001	RR-1: 4.5<17.9<71.4 OR-1: 4.1<24.7<149.6 RR-2: 0.9<4.2<19.3 OR-2: 0.9<4.4<22.2
Females, N = 498
81.9%, n = 408	14.2%, n = 70	3.9%, n = 20
1.6%, n = 7	4.5%, n = 3	10.0%, n = 2	<0.005	RR-1: 1.3<5.8.<26.3 OR-1:1.2<6.4<32.8 RR-2: 1.2<2.4<4.8 OR-2: 1.04<3.4<10.9
*Note: Only the percentages - NOT the counts - are given by study authors. Counts are Estimated from Percentages. RRs & ORs are approximate estimates given the estimated counts used in calculations. RR-1 & OR-1: Attempted Suicide: Predominantly Homosexual vs. Heterosexual RR-2 & OR-2: Attempted Suicide: Predominantly Homosexual &Predominantly Heterosexual vs. Heterosexual

Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) Self-Harm & Attempted Suicide, Past 6 Months Young & Mid-Life Women: McNair et al. (2005)
Categories	n. (%)	% Self-Harm / Attempted Suicide	Odds Ratios ¹ (3 Control variables)	Odds Ratios ² (6 Control variables)
Young Women: 22 - 27 Years of Age in 2000
Heterosexual	8,214 (91.5%)	2.7% (n = 222)	Reference Category	Reference Category
Predominantly Heterosexual	604 (6.7%)	11.1% (67)	3.1<4.3<5.9	2.2<3.1<4.4
Bisexual	73 (0.81%)	18.7% (13)	4.1<8.0<15.8	2.5<4.8<9.3
Predominantly / 100% Homosexual	90 (1.0%)	17.3% (16)	4.3<8.0<14.7	2.9<5.6<11.0
Percent of Young Women Who Self-Harmed or Attempted Suicide who are not 100% Heterosexual Women (8.5% of Young Women)		30.2% (96 / 318) ³	All Non-Heterosexual Women, No Controls ⁴ 4.0<5.1<6.6	-
Mid-Life Women: 50 - 55 Years of Age in 2001
Heterosexual	9,676 (97.4%)	0.8% (77)	Reference Category	Reference Category
Predominantly Heterosexual	121 (1.2%)	4.0% (5)	1.5<5.0<17.3	1.2<4.6<17.3
Bisexual	15 (0.15%)	16.1% (2)	3.6<24.3<163.9	4.1<24.7<148.6
Predominantly / 100% Homosexual	123 (1.2%)	2.0% (2)	0.42<2.3<13.0 ns	0.38<2.1<11.9 ns
Percent of Mid-Life Women Who Self-Harmed or Attempted Suicide who are not 100% Heterosexual Women (2.6% of Women)		10.5% (9 / 86) ³	All Non-Heterosexual Women, No Controls ⁴ 2.2<4.5<9.0	-
1. 3 Variables: age, region of residence, highest education. - 2. 6 Variables: age, region of residence, highest education, abuse, social support, and stress. - 3. Related N's and Percentage Estimated by Web Page Author: PJT. 4. N's Estimated (An Approximation), and Related ORs Calculated byWeb Page Author: PJT. - "ns" = Not Statistically Significant

"Attempted Suicide" Risks: Other USA Random Studies Homosexually vs. Heterosexually Oriented Youth/Adults
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Mathy (2002a)	3,754 (M)	25,652 (M)	8.3% vs. 3.8% - Life: Self-Harm	Sampling: News Web Site: MSNBC Every 1000th visitor: USA, Canada A Sexuality Survey Males, OR: 2.3 (2.0, 2.6) Females, OR: 2.1 (1.7, 2.5) Suicide Question: "I have made a serious suicide attempt or gesture." Yes/No
	1,048 (F)	5,499 (F)	17.1% vs. 9.1% - Life: Self-Harm
Reis & Saewyc (1999)	331 Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Identified	7,146 Heterosexual Identified	20.6% vs. 6.7% Past Year RR: 3.1	Seattle 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Those "Unsure" of their Sexual Orientation Are Not Included Attempted Suicide: OR = 3.6 (2.7, 4.8) Attempted Suicide, With Medical Care OR = 4.6 (3.1, 6.9) ORs Calculated With Counts Estimated From Given Results
			9.4% vs. 2.2% Past Year Medical Care RR: 4.3
* M = Males - F = Females - RR = Risk Ratio

Cornell University's "Survey of College Mental Health and Well Being" ¹ Undergraduate Students: Cornell University & Princeton University ² "Attempted Suicide" Risk: GLBQ vs. Heterosexual Identified Young Adults
Study	Sample Size (N) GLB	Compa- rison Group	Attempted Suicide % (n / N)	Sampling Information Age Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Whitlock & Knox (2007)	63 Gay/Lesbian (MF*)	2,632 Heterosexual	?? Lifetime	Web Survey, Random, Undergraduates at Cornell & Princeton University Appears like only gay & lesbian students are at significantly greater risk for having attempted suicide in lifetime: Adjusted OR: 1.2<4.2<14.1 ³ Mostly Self-Injury & General Suicidality Analyzed. See Table Below. See also: Whitlock et al. (2006), but no relevant GLBT results are given.
	84 Bisexual (MF)	2,632 Heterosexual	?? Lifetime
	76 Questioning (MF)	2,632 Heterosexual	?? Lifetime
1. The Survey: Related Informaton & Related Publications. - 2. Three other universities appear to be also involved in this survey: MIT, Harvard, and the University of Rochester. See: "College Mental Health Issues and Suicide-Prevention Program Discussed". 3. The OR results from a logistic regression analysis with a control variable (Self-Injury) that is a powerful predictor of "Attempting Suicide" (5.4<9.6<17.1), controlling for demographic variables, including sexual orientaton. It is possible that both bisexual and questioning students were also significantly more at risk for having attempted suicide, but that such significant ORs were driven to insignificance by the aforementioned variable being present in the regression, given that such students are at high risk for self-injury. Nothing in this respect was mentioned by the authors. Counts or incidences related to "attempting suicide" were not given. Related ORs - GLBQ groups vs. heterosexual students - with/without controlling demographic variables - were also not given. Nonetheless, bisexual and questionning students remained more at risk for "planning suicide" in a regression: AOR = 2.1<4.0<7.6. * M = Males - F = Females

"Survey of College Mental Health and Well Being" Lifetime Self-Injury Behavior (SIB) & Suicidality: Undergraduate Students Cornell & Princeton Universities: Whitlock & Knox (2007) Raw Counts: Data Not Weighted ¹
Category / Sexual Orientation	SIB Only	SIB & Suici- dality ⁵	Suicidality Only	All SIB	² All Suicidality	² SIB or Suicidality	No SIB / Suici- dality
"N" Totals Given: 2,875	292	196	227	488	423	715	2,160
"N" Totals Sexuality N = 2,845	281 (9.8%)	196 (6.9%)	225 (7.9%)	477 (16.7%)	421 (14.7%)	702 (24.6%)	2,143 (74.3%)
Heterosexuality n = 2,632 [92.2%]	256 (9.7%) ³	155 (5.9%)	194 (7.4%)	411 (15.6%)	349 (13.3%)	605 (23.0%)	2,027 [93.8%]

Gay / Lesbian n = 63 [2.2%]	7 (11.1%)	5 (7.9%)	9 (14.3%)	12 (19.0%)	14 (22.2%)	21 (33.3%)	42 [1.9%]
Odds Ratio ⁴	0.52<1.2<2.6	0.54<1.4<3.5	1.02<2.1<4.3	0.67<1.3<2.4	1.02<1.9<3.4	0.98<1.7<2.8
X² , p ⁴	0.13, 0.71	0.46, 0.50	4.2, 0.04	0.55, 0.46	4.2, 0.04	3.7, 0.05

Bisexual n = 84 [2.9%]	17 (20.2%)	21 (25.0%)	14 (16.7%)	38 (45.2%)	35 (41.7%)	52 (61.9%)	32 [1.5%]
Odds Ratio	1.4<2.3<4.1	3.2<5.3<9.0	1.4<2.5<4.5	2.9<4.5<6.9	3.0<4.7<7.3	1.3<2.1<3.2
X² , p	9.9, 0.002	49.0, 0.0000	9.9, 0.002	51.8, 0.0000	54.1, 0.0000	10.3, 0.001

Questioning n = 76 [2.7%]	11 (14.5%)	15 (19.7%)	8 (10.5%)	26 (34.2%)	23 (30.3%)	34 (44.7%)	42 [1.9%]
Odds Ratio	0.82<1.6<3.0	2.2<3.9<7.1	0.70<1.5<3.1	1.7<2.8<4.6	1.7<2.8<4.7	1.7<2.7<4.3
X² , p	1.9, 0.17	24.1, 0.0000	1.06, 0.30	18.9, 0.0000	18.0, 0.0000	19.4, 0.0000
1. An "added to" version of Table 1 in the Whitlock & Knox (2007) paper. 2. Columns added, via count additions from other columns. 3. Counts & Incidence. 4. Odds Ratios: Compared to heterosexual students in same category. Calculated by web page author (PJT) using the given counts. 5. Suicidality: Students reporting suicidal ideation, plan, gesture, or having attempted suicide.

University of Michigan's 2005 / 2007 "Healthy Minds Study" Sexual Minority Results From a Presentation & Related Papers ¹
Eisenberg et al. (2006)	Study results given at a symposium. 2,828 completed surveys, 56.3% response rate (48% for undergrads, 65% for grad students), all results are weighted for non-response. In a list of the "most prominent risk factors for mental health problems": "Bisexual or gay/lesbian/queer (Depression and self-injury)". The intake queston for "attempting suicide" in the past 4 weeks only produced one suicide attempter, thus precluding this study from having any value in exploring or understanding more serious forms of suicidality. "Between 3-4% reported suicidal thoughts in the past 4 weeks, and less than 1% reported plans for suicide." Note: It is possible (likely?) that those planning to commit suicide in the past 4 weeks, and especially those who attempted suicide in the past 4 weeks, may have been in a state of mind that would not be conducive to participating in a survey.
Eisenberg et al. (2007a)	Some of the demographic data given in Table Below. "Self-identified bisexual students were more likely to screen positive for depression than self-identified heterosexual students": OR = 2.1<3.9<7.3, from a regression analysis with many control variables. Similar regression analyses do not reveal sexual minority students to be significantly more at risk for depression, anxiety disorders, or suicidal thoughts in the past 4 weeks. However, the low N's may have compromised detecting such "at risk" status. See sexual minority N's in Table Below. The sampling representation for sexual minority undergraduates is poor (the worst being only one undergraduate lesbian in the study sample), and the same applies for the bisexual male representation for both graduate and undergraduate students: 8 students each.
Eisenberg et al. (2007b)	"... multivariate logistic regression estimates of predictors of perceiving a need for mental health services in the past year... reporting oneself to be bisexual (relative to heterosexual, OR = 2.09, p = 0.03) or gay/lesbian (relative to heterosexual, OR = 2.04, p = 0.03)."
Gollust et al. (2008)	"For the full student population, we found no significant associations between self-injury and age, international student status, sexual orientation, graduate or undergraduate student status, or year in school, controlling for all covariates. Logistic regression models, which we estimated separately for male and female students, revealed several notable differences in the predictors of self-injury... Bisexual men (OR = 4.75, CI = 0.98-23.01, p = .053) and lesbians (OR = 5.52, CI = 1.80-16.9, p = .003) were more likely to report self-injury than were heterosexual students..." Alert: Many researchers in suicidology, and especially in sexual minority suicidology, have recognized that males and females should NOT be analysed together, if it is at all possible to do otherwise. The same applies within a sex group for the different sexual minority groups. That is, when analyzed together, a significant "at risk" association for only one group may be greatly reduced (as in being spread over other groups), or even eliminated as the result of non-associations in other groups.
Golberstein et al. (2008)	Sexual minority students are not mentioned in the paper titled "Perceived stigma and mental health care seeking."
Cranford et al. (2009)	In the paper "Substance use behaviors, mental health problems, and use of mental health services in a probability sample of college students," "sexual orientation" is only mentioned to be a control variable in multivariate analyses, with the related results are not reported.
Eisenberg et al. (2009)	In the unpublished paper, "Mental health and academic success in college," sexual minority students are not mentioned.
Zivin et al. (2009)	This study, 'Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population," is longitudinal in nature, using a subset of students who completed the first survey in 2005. "In the fall of 2007, all students who had completed the baseline survey in 2005 and were still enrolled at the university (N=1272) were asked to complete a two-year follow-up survey, with a nearly identical set of measures. Of those re-contacted, 763 (60%) of students completed the second survey. The present study examines data from these 763 students who completed both the 2005 and the 2007 survey." There were 45 GLBT students (5.44% of students) in the 2007 survey. Sexual orientation (GLBT) is a control variable in multivariable logistic regression models but the GLBT results are not reported.
1. Papers related to the Healthy Minds Study.

University of Michigan's 2005 "Healthy Minds Study" Some Demograhic Highlights, N = 2,843
Categories / Variable	Undergraduates Weighted Percentages		Graduates Weighted Percentages
Categories / Variable	Female n = 677	Male n = 504**	Female n = 819	Male n = 843
Age: 18 to 22 Years	95.1%	93.0%	10.0%	7.1%
White / Caucasian Non-Hispanic / Non-Arab	68.6%	68.1%	56.5%	53.9%
Asian / Pacific Islander	15.0%	15.9%	24.4%	30.8%
International Students	4.3%	6.9%	16.3%	27.3%
Heterosexual	97.2%	96.0%	92.6%	93.6%
Gay / Lesbian / Queer	0.1% n = 1 *	2.5% n = 13	3.2% n = 26	4.5% n = 38
Bisexual	2.6% n = 18	1.5% n = 8	3.6% n = 29	1.0% n = 8
Data Source: Eisenberg et al. (2007a). * The n's are estimated from weighted percentages. Raw counts & percentages are not given, except for the total male and female numbers in the study sample. The "504" counts is reported to be "604" in the paper but that would be an error. See Gollust et al. (2008). The representation of sexual minority students in this study sample is generally poor, the worst being "one lesbian" representing lesbian undergraduate students. Why there would be about 30-times more lesbians in graduate school sample, compared to the undergraduate sample, is food for thought. Eisenberg et al. (2007b) - Weighted Demongraphic Summary: "**The results, weighted for nonresponse, reflect a population composed of 60.6% white (non-Hispanic), 6.3% black, 19.9% Asian or Asian-American, 3.5% Hispanic (any race), 5.4% multiracial, and 3.6% students who identified some other race. Forty-eight percent were female, 11.8% were international students, and 33.9% were graduate students. This student population was roughly similar in demographic characteristics to the national population of college students." Therefore, weighting would, in many cases, radically change what were the raw counts, especially for females, and for gaduate students.

The USA Spring 2000 National College Health Assessment Survey Depression & Suicidality: GLBT Results ¹
Study	GLBT	Hetero- sexual	Depression Diagnosis ³	Seriously Considered Suicide, Past Year ³	Attempted Suicide Past Year ⁴
Leino & Kisch (2005)	n = ? (MF) < 479 ²	n = ? < 14,711 ²	GLBT vs. Heterosexual Odd Ratio: 1.4<1.8<2.4 - Lifetime 27 Control Variables % Depression All: 10.3%	-	-
Leino & Kisch (2005)	n = ? (MF) < 479 ²	n = ? < 14,711 ²	GLBT vs. Heterosexual Odd Ratio: 1.2<1.8<2.7 - Past Year 27 Control Variables % Depression All: 6.1%	-	-
Kisch et al. (2005)	n = ? (MF) < 479 ²	n = ? < 14,711 ²	-	GLBT vs. Heterosexual Odd Ratio: 2.0<2.6<3.3 27 Control Variables % Consider... All: 9.5%	? % Attempted... All = 1.47% Are GLBT Students More at risk?
The Attempted Suicide Incidence for males in the past year: 1.59% = 88 Suicide Attempters. But not all reported their sexual orientation, leaving about 85 Suicide Attempters for analysis. It is 'roughly estimated that 7 or more Suicide Attempters in the GBT male category (n = 208) would produce statistically significan results. For 7 (incidence = 3.4%), the unadjusted OR would be 1.0<2.2<4.8. For 8 (Incidence = 3.8%), the OR would be 1.2<2.5<5.3. Counts Given in Table Below.
The Attempted Suicide Incidence for females in the past year: 1.40% = 126 Suicide Attempters. But not all reported their sexual orientation, leaving about 122 Suicide Attempters for analysis. It is 'roughly estimated that 7 or more Suicide Attempters in the LBT female category (n = 224) would produce statistically significant results.. For 7 (incidence = 3.1%), the unadjusted OR would be 1.1<2.4<5.1. For 8 (Incidence = 3.6%), the OR would be 1.3<2.7<5.7. Counts Given in Table Below.
The Attempted Suicide Incidence for males & females in the past year: 1.47% = 214 Suicide Attempters. But not all reported their sexual orientation, leaving about 207 Suicide Attempters for analysis. It is 'roughly estimated that 7 or more Suicide Attempters in the GLBT category (n = 439) would produce statistically significant results.. For 12 (incidence = 2.7%), the unadjusted OR would be 1.04<1.9<3.4. For 13 (Incidence = 3.0%), the OR would be 1.2<2.0<3.6. Counts Given in Table Below.
Note: Kirsh et all (2005) did not mention whether or not GBT males, LBT females, or GLBT individuals were more at risk for having attempted suicide in the past year. 89.6% Undergraduate Students and 10.4% Graduate Students are in the study sample.
1. Data Set Results for the "Sexual Orientation" Categories & Depression / Suicidality are Given in Table Below. 2. Numbers from Table Below. The would be less "<" because of Non-Responders to questions. M = "Male". F = "Female". Also less because of non-responders to depression and suicidality questions. 3. The Odd Ratio(s) reported would likely be higher if only the Demographic control variables had been used in the regression. 4. The Possible - Likely? - greater risk for GLBT students having attempted suicide is not mentioned. Related data is not given. Hints about such a greater likelihood for GLBT students having attempted suicide - at least in the 2003 ACHA-NCHA survey at one American university - NYU - is given in a Table Below.

The USA Spring 2000 National College Health Assessment Survey Sexual Orientation Demographics & Depression / Suicidality Results Depression / Suicidality Results For GLBT Students Are Not Given
Categories / Variables	Male n (%)	Female n (%)	Unknown n (%)	Total N (%)
Which of the following best describes you? Question # 32	-	-	-	-
Heterosexual	5,151 (94.5%)	8,510 (96.1%)	1,050 (94.1%)	14,711 (94.5%)
Heterosexual 'Sex Unknown" Removed	5,151 (94.5%)	8,510 (96.1%)	Removed	13,661 / 14,100 96.9%
Gay / Lesbian	136 (2.5%)	69 (0.78%)	16 (1.4%)	221 (1.4%)
Bisexual	70 (1.3%)	147 (1.7%)	19 (1.7%)	236 (1.5%)
Trangendered	9 (0.17%)	8 (0.09%)	5 (0.45%)	22 (0.14%)
GBT, LBT, GLBT: 'Sex Unknown" Removed	215 (3.94%)	224 (2.53%)	Removed	439 / 14,100 (3.1%)
Unsure	84 (1.5%)	121 (1.4%)	26 (2.3%)	231 (1.5%)
Totals % of Sample [%]	5,450 (100%) [35.3%]	8,855 (100%) [57.4%]	1,116 (100%) [7.2%]	15,421 (100%) [100%] ¹
Depression Diagnosis, Ever. n / N (%)	340 / 5,504 (6.2%)	1,146 / 8,985 (12.8%)	123 / 1,087 (11.3%)	1,609 / 15,576 (10.3%)
Depression Diagnosis, In The Past year? Yes	125 / 326: 38% 125 / 5,504 ? (2.3%)	685 / 1,114: 61.5% 685 / 8,985 ? (7,6%)	71 / 118: 60.2% 71 / 1,087 ? (6.5%)	957 / 1,558: 61.4% 957 / 15,576 ? (6.1%)
Seriously Considered Suicide 1-2 Times, Past Year	300 / 5,528 (5.4%)	613 / 8,999 (6.8%)	73 / 1,109 (6.6%)	986 / 15,636 (6.3%)
Seriously Considered Suicide >2 Times, Past Year	181 / 5,528 (3.3%)	280 / 8,999 (3.1%)	38 / 1.109 (3.4%)	499 / 15,636 (3.2%)
Seriously Considered Suicide, Past Year	481 / 5,528 (8.7%)	893 / 8,999 (9.9%)	111 / 1,109 (10.0%)	1485 / 15,636 (9.5%)
Attempted Suicide 1-2 Times, Past Year	43 / 5,528 0.78%	96 / 8,999 (1.07%)	12 / 1,108 (1.08%)	151 / 15,635 (0.97%)
Attempted Suicide > 2 Times, Past Year	45 / 5,528 0.81%	30 / 8,999 (0.33%)	14 / 1,108 (1.26%)	89 / 15,635 (0.57%)
Attempted Suicide, Past Year	88 / 5,528 1.59%	126 / 8,999 (1.40%)	26 / 1,108 (2.34%)	240 / 15,635 (1.53%)
Attempted Suicide, Past Year "Sex Unknown" Removed	88 / 5,528 1.59%	126 / 8,999 (1.40%)	Removed	214 / 14,527 (1.47%)
Data Source: ACHA-NCHA (2000) 1. Total Survey: 16,024. 15,421 = 96.2% of Surveys. Percentages often given with more precision that in original document, using the given counts for calculations.

Sexual Orientation Results From The Spring 2003 NYU American College Health Associaton National College Health Assessment
General Information: Fist Year New York University Students - 1,035 surveys returned - Average age = 18.5 Years - 70% Females. 30% Males - 11% Self-Identified Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual or Unsure Students (GLBU, n = 109). Note: The counts are low, therefore likely statistical non-significance of result differences for males and females analysed separately. Trends nonetheless indicated that are consistent with results in other studies of university students. A Student Presentation by Smith (2006).
Category / Variable	Males		Females
Category / Variable	GBU n = ?	Hetero- sexual	LBU n = ?	Hetero- sexual
Depression Diagnosis, Ever? Question asked twice.	17% 19%	7% 8%	43% 43%	14% 15%
Depression Diagnosis, Past Year?	11%	3%	18%	7%
Anxiety Diagnosis, Ever?	15%	5%	20%	9%
Anorexia Diagnosis, Ever?	8%	< 1%	6%	5%
Seriously Considered Suicide, Past year, One to 11+ Times?	26%	15%	25%	15%
Attempted Suicide, Past Year, One to Two Times? ¹	6%	!%	6%	1%
Att