ABBREVIATIONS

The letter "m" with superposed small minuscule "a," occurring in the name Adam.

The scribe's usual letter "a" (which we transcribe "a") but surmounted with a bar or macron above signifying a following nasal, in this case "n."

A crossed 7-shaped Tironian nota, height often slightly more than that of a standard mimim, the head-stroke of the "7" usually exhibiting a pronounced dip, the descender usually erect or angled slightly rightward and sometimes seriffed at the bottom, the crossing stroke pronounced, thickish and wide, and angled upward to the right at about 10 degrees.

Juncture of "b" and "o" with a further curved stroke attached to the top of the "o" component as the normal short form for "our"--see "&our;".

Juncture of "d" and "e," with the right stroke of the "d" ogeed right to form also the left stroke of "e," with an additional macron over the "e" component representing a following nasal, here "m."

Juncture of "d" and "e," with the right stroke of the "d" ogeed right to form also the left stroke of "e," with an additional macron over the "e" component representing a nasal, here "n."

Juncture of "d" and "o," with the right stroke of the "d" ogeed right to form also the left stroke of "o"; a further curved stroke attached to the top of the "o" component is the normal short form for "our"--see "&our;".

The scribe's minuscule "e" with a macron above representing a following nasal, here "m."

The scribe's minuscule "e" with a macron above representing a following nasal, here "n."

Minuscule "g" with the addition of the "reversed question-mark" abbreviation for "er" (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages), above and to the right of the "g" component.

Minuscule "g" surmounted with a sign consisting of two curved strokes shaped like modern "c," forming what resembles a minuscule single-lobed "a." This sign is equivalent to Cappelli's "linea ondulata" (See Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxvi, "Segni abbreviativi con significato proprio," "quarto segno"--and see discussion on p. xxvii) indicating "re," "ra," "ar," "a"; in this manuscript it only occurs with "g" (above and to the right of the main part of the glyph) and only standing for "gra" in the word "grace" and its derivatives.

Juncture of "h" and "e" with the addition of a macron above the "e" component representing a following nasal, here "m."

A normal letter "i" but surmounted by macron indicating a following nasal, here "m."

A normal letter "i" but surmounted by macron indicating a following nasal, here "n."

The usual minuscule letter "m," but with the reversed question-mark "er" abbreviation hook (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages); the abbreviation mark surmounting (whether touching the rest of the glyph or not) the right compartment of the "m."

The usual minuscule letter "n," but with the reversed question-mark "er" abbreviation hook (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages); the abbreviation mark surmounting (whether touching the rest of the glyph or not) the "n" component.

The scribe's minuscule "o" with a macron above representing a following nasal, here "m."

The scribe's minuscule "o" with a macron above representing a following nasal, here "n."

The scribe's usual minuscule "o," surmounted with a looping "ur" abbreviation. The abbreviation sign, which does not always touch the letter, is a clockwise curl that is quite variously shaped, but often breaks slightly at mid-point to teminate in a rightward scooping flag.

A sign abbreviating "per," formed on the basis of "p" with the addition of the "reversed question-mark" abbreviation for "er" (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages) placed above the centre of the main part of the glyph and usually not touching it.

A sign abbreviating "per," formed on the basis of "p" with the addition of a horizontal stroke at the bottom of the descender. See Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturum, 6th ed., p. 257, top of left column, for a similar sign.

The scribe's form of "p" (when written individually and not before "a," "e," or "o") surmounted by one of a variety of squiggles above the compartment and usually not touching it, ranging from a comma-shape through a partial oval, with the reversed-question-mark (see "&mer;," "&uer;") probably representing the centre of the range of forms of squiggle.

A sign abbreviating "pro," constructed on the basis of "p" with the addition of a loop joining the left end of the horizontal stroke to the bottom of the vertical stroke. See Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th ed., p. 257 top of right column, for a similar mark.

A sign abbreviating "prop," formed on the basis of the variety of doubled "p" that we transcribe "&pp;," but with the addition of the "&pro;" loop joining the horizontal to the descender of the first "p" element.

A sign abbreviating "prop," formed on the basis of the variety of doubled "p" that we transcribe "&pp2;" (that is, double cruciform "p" preceding a vowel with left-facing belly) but with the addition of the "&pro;" loop joining the horizontal to the descender of the first "p" element. The example on f49r line 32 actually has a stroke for the loop of the first "p"--should this be a separate entity or a paleographic note?

A familiar abbreviation for Latin "quod"(see Adriano Capelli, Lexicon abbreviaturum, 6th. ed., p. 302, 13th and 15th examples left column and 1st example top of right column), a "q" crossed with an ogee from top right to bottom left. In this script, the top of the crossing stroke frequently forms a second loop at the top of the monogram.

An abbreviation (familiar from Latin texts for syllables such as "ser," "sir," and also for truncated words beginning with "s") consisting of a long "s" crossed from top right to bottom left with an ogee (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturum, 6th ed., p. xiv, top of page), in this manuscript most often used as the title of address for a knight, "Sir."

Minuscule "t" surmounted by the "reversed-question-mark" abbreviation for "er" (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages).

Minuscule "t" surmounted (to the right and not touching the "t" component) with a sign consisting of two curved strokes shaped like modern "c," forming what resembles a minuscule single-lobed "a." This sign is equivalent to Cappelli's "linea ondulata" (See Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxvi, "Segni abbreviativi con significato proprio," "quarto segno"--and see discussion on p. xxvii) indicating "re," "ra," "ar," "a".

Minuscule "t" surmounted by a small minuscule letter "u," above and slightly right of center of the main part of the glyph, and not touching it.

Minuscule "u" surmounted by the "reversed-question-mark" abbreviation for "er" (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages), roughly centered above the "u" portion of the glyph and usually not touching either of the minims that make it up.

Minuscule "u" surmounted by a horizontal bar or macron indicating a following nasal, here "m."

Minuscule "u" surmounted by a horizontal bar or macron indicating a following nasal, here "n."

The "big comma" ("grossa virgola") form of abbreviation for final "us," common in Latin manuscripts of many periods and locations. See Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturum, 6th ed., pp. xxiv - xxvi ("Segni abbreviativi con signficato proprio," "terzo signo").

The usual minuscule letter "v," but with the reversed question-mark "er" abbreviation hook (see Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 6th. ed., p. xxxiv--"la macanza delle sillabe er . . . una specie di punto interrogativo rivolto"--and examples following five pages); the abbreviation mark surmounting (whether touching the rest of the glyph or not) the "v" component.

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The normal form of minuscule "y," but with a horizontal stroke or macron above the body of the glyph denoting a following nasal, in this case "m."

The normal form of minuscule "y," but with a horizontal stroke or macron above the body of the glyph denoting a following nasal, in this case "n."