Selected Topics from: G. Stemberger, Introduction to Talmud and Midrash

Talmudic Judaism: The Historical Framework

Year (C.E.)	Historical Events	Name of Rabbinic Era	Works of Rabbinic Literature
c. 50	Limited autonomy under Roman rule	Tannaitic	Mishnah Tosefta Halakhic Midrash etc.
70	Destruction of Second Temple	(Yabneh [Yavneh/Jamnia]: Restoration of Jewish Religious Life)
135	Bar Kokhba Revolt	(Usha: Transfer of religious cenre from Judea to Galilee)
c. 220		Start of Amoraic Era	Palestinian ("Jerusalem") Talmud Aggadic Midrash
c. 380	Christianization of Roman Empire
c. 400^[1]		End of Amoraic era in the Land of Israel
c. 500^[2]		End of Amoraic Era in Babylonia	Babylonian Talmud

Second Temple Judaism had been distinguished by its factionalism: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots etc.
Of these only the Pharisees survived, most of its distinctive beliefs and institutions (e.g., physical resurrection, the Oral Torah) were now part of a religious consensus.
The Temple worship and associated aspects of religious life (purity laws, some tithing regulations, etc.) were no longer in effect. The focus of worship moved to other areas, such as the synagogue, home and religious scholarship.

The date 500 C.E. for the conclusion of the Amoraic era is the traditional date of the completion of the Babylonian Talmud. This date is in itself problematic, since the redactional process appears to have continued for several centuries afterwards.
Furthermore, the "Amoraic" activity in the Land of Israel and other centres also continued for several centuries afterwards, especially in the area of Aggadic midrash.